Effective reinforcement ratio of RC beams: Validation of modelling assumptions with high‐resolution strain data

• Published in: Structural concrete : journal of the FIB Vol. 23; no. 3; pp. 1353 - 1369
• Main Authors: Galkovski, Tena, Mata‐Falcón, Jaime, Kaufmann, Walter
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Weinheim WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA 01.06.2022; Wiley Subscription Services, Inc
• Subjects: compatible stress field method; Compression zone; Concrete; Cross-sectional studies; cross‐sectional analysis; digital image correlation; Digital imaging; distributed fibre optical sensors; effective area of concrete in tension; Euler‐Bernoulli beam theory; Image compression; Mathematical models; Parameters; plane strain assumption; pure bending; Reinforced concrete; Reinforcement; Reinforcing steels; Residual stress; Stiffening; Stiffness; Tensile strength; Tension stiffening
• DOI: 10.1002/suco.202100739
• ISSN: 1464-4177

Concrete tensile stresses influence the cracking behaviour and the stiffness of reinforced concrete (RC) members. Most design codes account for this tension stiffening effect using an effective reinforcement ratio. Although this ratio has a significant influence on the design of RC structures, its quantification is controversial in many cases, and typically relies on empirical geometry‐based expressions. One main reason for this knowledge gap is that the area of concrete in tension can only be verified indirectly, for example, through crack widths and spacings and using a suitable mechanical model. This indirect validation is subject to considerable uncertainty as it depends on parameters that scatter (e.g., bond stresses and the concrete tensile strength), and further assumptions relating internal stresses to the applied loads are required. This article outlines how refined measurements of the reinforcing steel strains and the concrete deformations in the compression zone, combining distributed fibre optic sensing (DFOS) and digital image correlation (DIC), can be used in order to obtain a more reliable quantification of the parameters affecting tension stiffening and hence, the effective reinforcement ratio. Selected models are validated against experimental data of an RC beam tested under four‐point bending, underlining the potential of DFOS and DIC as valuable tools for a better understanding of RC structures and the enhancement of mechanical models.