Promoting Mechanistic Understanding of Lithium Deposition and Solid‐Electrolyte Interphase (SEI) Formation Using Advanced Characterization and Simulation Methods: Recent Progress, Limitations, and Future Perspectives

• Published in: Advanced energy materials Vol. 12; no. 19
• Main Authors: Xu, Yaolin, Dong, Kang, Jie, Yulin, Adelhelm, Philipp, Chen, Yawei, Xu, Liang, Yu, Peiping, Kim, Junghwa, Kochovski, Zdravko, Yu, Zhilong, Li, Wanxia, LeBeau, James, Shao‐Horn, Yang, Cao, Ruiguo, Jiao, Shuhong, Cheng, Tao, Manke, Ingo, Lu, Yan
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: 01.05.2022
• Subjects: advanced characterization; Li deposition, Li dissolution; Li metal anodes; mechanistic understanding; solid‐electrolyte‐interphase; theoretical simulation
• ISSN: 1614-6832; 1614-6840
• DOI: 10.1002/aenm.202200398

In recent years, due to its great promise in boosting the energy density of lithium batteries for future energy storage, research on the Li metal anode, as an alternative to the graphite anode in Li‐ion batteries, has gained significant momentum. However, the practical use of Li metal anodes has been plagued by unstable Li (re)deposition and poor cyclability. Although tremendous efforts have been devoted to the stabilization of Li metal anodes, the mechanisms of electrochemical (re‐)deposition/dissolution of Li and solid‐electrolyte‐interphase (SEI) formation remain elusive. This article highlights the recent mechanistic understandings and observations of Li deposition/dissolution and SEI formation achieved from advanced characterization techniques and simulation methods, and discusses major limitations and open questions in these processes. In particular, the authors provide their perspectives on advanced and emerging/potential methods for obtaining new insights into these questions. In addition, they give an outlook into cutting‐edge interdisciplinary research topics for Li metal anodes. It pushes beyond the current knowledge and is expected to accelerate development toward a more in‐depth and comprehensive understanding, in order to guide future research on Li metal anodes toward practical application. This perspective article highlights recent developments in understanding of the mechanisms of lithium deposition/dissolution and solid‐electrolyte‐interphase (SEI) formation and identifies the major limitations and open questions in these processes. It also provides the authors’ perspectives on advanced characterization and simulation methods to promote a more in‐depth and comprehensive understanding, and to guide future research on Li metal anodes toward applications.