Origin of Waveguiding in Ultrashort Pulse Structured Silicon

• Published in: Laser & photonics reviews Vol. 13; no. 2
• Main Authors: Kämmer, Helena, Matthäus, Gabor, Lammers, Kim A., Vetter, Christian, Chambonneau, Maxime, Nolte, Stefan
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Weinheim Wiley Subscription Services, Inc 01.02.2019
• Subjects: Crystal structure; Deformation; laser inscription; raman microscopy; Refractivity; Silicon; silicon waveguide; ultrashort pulses; Wave propagation
• ISSN: 1863-8880; 1863-8899
• DOI: 10.1002/lpor.201800268

The origin of waveguiding in the bulk of silicon after sub‐ps laser inscription is investigated. Locally resolved Raman measurements of waveguide cross sections and along the propagation axis reveal highly localized crystal deformations. These modifications consist of highly confined regions of silicon with a disturbed crystal structure accompanied with strain. This transformation is responsible for a local increase of the refractive index allowing localized waveguiding. On the basis of near‐field measurements at an excitation wavelength of 1550 nm, the absolute value of the refractive index change is estimated to be in the range of 10−3. The origin of waveguiding after sub‐picosecond laser inscription in the bulk of crystalline silicon is examined. Micro‐Raman spectroscopy analyses of the waveguide cross sections reveal highly localized disturbed crystal structures. These material transformations result in a local increase of the refractive index responsible for guiding light.