Alteration of White Matter Connectivity for MR‐Guided Focused Ultrasound in the Treatment of Essential Tremor

• Published in: Journal of magnetic resonance imaging Vol. 59; no. 4; pp. 1358 - 1370
• Main Authors: Wang, Xiaoyu, Lin, Jiaji, Lu, Haoxuan, Xiong, Yongqin, Duan, Caohui, Zhang, Dong, Huang, Jiayu, Deng, Linlin, Li, Chenxi, Li, Runze, Zhang, Dekang, Bian, Xiangbing, Zhou, Jiayou, Pan, Longsheng, Lou, Xin
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Hoboken, USA John Wiley & Sons, Inc 01.04.2024; Wiley Subscription Services, Inc
• Subjects: Brain; Clustering; Correlation; diffusion tensor imaging; essential tremor; Field strength; Magnetic resonance; Magnetic resonance imaging; magnetic resonance‐guided focused ultrasound; Males; Mathematical analysis; Medical imaging; Neural networks; Neuroimaging; Patients; Putamen; rich‐club organization; Statistical analysis; Statistical tests; Substantia alba; Superior temporal gyrus; Temporal gyrus; Tensors; Topology; Tremor; Tremor (Muscular contraction); Tremors; Ultrasonic imaging; Ultrasound; Variance analysis; diffusion tensor imaging; essential tremor; magnetic resonance-guided focused ultrasound; rich-club organization
• ISSN: 1053-1807; 1522-2586; 1522-2586
• DOI: 10.1002/jmri.28896

Background Magnetic resonance‐guided focused ultrasound (MRgFUS) thalamotomy has been implemented as a therapeutic alternative for the treatment of drug‐refractory essential tremor (ET). However, its impact on the brain structural network is still unclear. Purpose To investigate both global and local alterations of the white matter (WM) connectivity network in ET after MRgFUS thalamotomy. Study Type Retrospective. Subjects Twenty‐seven ET patients (61 ± 11 years, 19 males) with MRgFUS thalamotomy and 28 healthy controls (HC) (61 ± 11 years, 20 males) were recruited for comparison. Field Strength/Sequence A 3 T/single shell diffusion tensor imaging by using spin‐echo‐based echo‐planar imaging, three‐dimensional T1 weighted imaging by using gradient‐echo‐based sequence. Assessment Patients were undergoing MRgFUS thalamotomy and their clinical data were collected from pre‐operation to 6‐month post‐operation. Network topological metrics, including rich‐club organization, small‐world, and efficiency properties were calculated. Correlation between the topological metrics and tremor scores in ET groups was also calculated to assess the role of neural remodeling in the brain. Statistical Tests Two‐sample independent t‐tests, chi‐squared test, ANOVA, Bonferroni test, and Spearman's correlation. Statistical significance was set at P < 0.05. Results For ET patients, the strength of rich‐club connection and clustering coefficient significantly increased vs. characteristic path length decreased at 6‐month post‐operation compared with pre‐operation. The distribution pattern of rich‐club regions was different in ET groups. Specifically, the order of the rich‐club regions was changed according to the network degree value after MRgFUS thalamotomy. Moreover, the altered nodal efficiency in the right temporal pole of the superior temporal gyrus (R = 0.434–0.596) and right putamen (R = 0.413–0.436) was positively correlated with different tremor improvement. Data Conclusion These findings might improve understanding of treatment‐induced modulation from a network perspective and may work as an objective marker in the assessment of ET tremor control with MRgFUS thalamotomy. Level of Evidence 3 Technical Efficacy Stage 4