Maternal depression and motherese: temporal and intonational features

• Published in: Child development Vol. 59; no. 4; pp. 1089 - 1096
• Main Author: Bettes, B.A
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Malden, MA University of Chicago Press 01.08.1988; Blackwell; University of Chicago Press for the Society for Research in Child Development, etc; Blackwell Publishing Ltd
• Subjects: Acoustic noise; Adult and adolescent clinical studies; Babies; Baby talk; Behavior; Biological and medical sciences; child development; Child Language; Childhood mental disorders; cognitive development; Depression; Depressive Disorder - psychology; Depressive disorders; emotions; Female; Humans; Infant; Infants; maternal behavior; Medical sciences; Mental depression; Mood disorders; Mother-Child Relations; Mothers; Paralanguage; parent-child relationships; Parents & parenting; personal development; Postpartum depression; Psycholinguistics; Psychology & psychologists; Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry; Psychopathology. Psychiatry; Social interaction; Speech; Speech Acoustics; timing; Vocalization; Human; Maternal behavior; Social development; Puerperal disorders; Intellectual development; Depression; Infant; Affective development; Mother child relation
• ISSN: 0009-3920; 1467-8624
• DOI: 10.2307/1130275

Children of depressed parents are at increased risk for depression and other developmental problems. Recent research indicates that disturbances exist in face-to-face interactions between depressed mothers and their infants. In the present study, the effects of maternal depression on motherese, an interactive behavior that plays a significant role in affective, cognitive, and social development, were examined. 2 paralinguistic features of motherese were examined: temporal parameters of utterances and pauses and the frequency of use of 5 types of intonation contours typically found in motherese utterances. Face-to-face interactions between 36 mothers and their 3-4-month-old infants were audio-recorded, and hard copy records of pitch contours and relative intensity were produced for 2-min interaction sequences. Results indicated that depressed mothers failed to modify their behavior according to the behavior of the infant. They were significantly slower to respond to an infant vocalization, had more variable utterances and pauses, and were less likely to utilize the exaggerated intonation contours that are characteristic of motherese. The results provide evidence for a mechanism through which maternal depression increases the infant's risk for psychopathology.