Prevalence of portal vein thrombosis detected by computed tomography angiography in dogs

• Published in: Journal of small animal practice Vol. 62; no. 7; pp. 562 - 569
• Main Authors: Stade, L. E., Shropshire, S. B., Rao, S., Twedt, D., Marolf, A. J.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Oxford, UK Blackwell Publishing Ltd 01.07.2021; Wiley Subscription Services, Inc
• Subjects: Abdomen; Angiography; Computed tomography; Infectious diseases; Liver diseases; Medical imaging; Medical records; Pancreatitis; Portal vein; Reviews; Thrombosis; Tomography; Ultrasonic imaging; Ultrasound
• ISSN: 0022-4510; 1748-5827
• DOI: 10.1111/jsap.13315

Objective To evaluate dogs with computed tomography angiography of the abdomen for overall prevalence of portal vein thrombosis and prevalence of portal vein thrombosis based on different disease categories. To evaluate dogs with and without portal vein thrombosis for differences in outcome. To compare ultrasound to computed tomographic angiography for identification of portal vein thrombosis. Methods Abdominal computed tomography angiography of 223 client‐owned animals was reviewed for evidence of portal vein thrombosis. Based on medical records, dogs were assigned to disease categories: (1) liver disease; (2) non‐hepatic neoplasia; (3) pancreatitis; (4) infectious disease; (5) immune‐mediated disease; (6) other; (7) multiple diseases. Different categories were compared for the prevalence of portal vein thrombosis. Outcome was evaluated in dogs with and without portal vein thrombosis. Ultrasound reports were reviewed to determine the detection of thrombosis on ultrasound. Results Twenty‐eight dogs (13%) had portal vein thrombosis. The pancreatitis category contained the highest percentage of portal vein thrombosis among different categories (eight of 19; 42%). There was a similar outcome between dogs with and without portal vein thrombosis. Of 21 dogs with portal vein thrombosis that had ultrasound performed, ultrasound detected thrombosis in four of 21 (19%) cases. Clinical Relevance In this study, portal vein thrombosis prevalence was higher in dogs with pancreatitis compared to dogs with liver disease, non‐hepatic neoplasia and other abdominal or systemic disease. The portal system should be carefully evaluated with imaging in dogs with pancreatitis. As compared to ultrasound, CT angiography is the imaging method of choice for detection of portal vein thrombosis in dogs.