Cisplatin chemotherapy impairs the peri‐implant bone repair around titanium implants: An in vivo study in rats

• Published in: Journal of clinical periodontology Vol. 45; no. 2; pp. 241 - 252
• Main Authors: Matheus, Henrique Rinaldi, Ervolino, Edilson, Faleiros, Paula Lazilha, Novaes, Vivian Cristina Noronha, Theodoro, Leticia Helena, Garcia, Valdir Gouveia, Almeida, Juliano Milanezi
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States Blackwell Publishing Ltd 01.02.2018
• Subjects: Acid phosphatase (tartrate-resistant); antineoplastic agents; Bone healing; Bone implants; bone repair; Chemotherapy; Cisplatin; Dental implants; Dentistry; Inflammation; Osseointegration; Osteocalcin; Rodents; Tibia; Titanium; Transplants & implants; antineoplastic agents; chemotherapy; osseointegration; dental implants; bone repair
• ISSN: 0303-6979; 1600-051X
• DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.12824

Aim The purpose of this study in animals was to evaluate the peri‐implant bone repair against systemic administration of the antineoplastic agent. Material and methods We used 84 male rats (Rattus norvegicus, albinus, Wistar), divided into two groups: cisplatin (CIS) and saline solution (SS). The titanium implants were inserted into the right tibia at day 0 in all animals from both groups. Group SS received SS intraperitoneally at 15 and 17 days postoperatively. Group CIS received 5 and 2.5 mg/kg of CIS intraperitoneally at 15 and 17 days postoperatively, respectively. Euthanasia was performed at 22, 30 and 60 days postoperatively. Twenty‐four undecalcified specimens were prepared for histometric analysis of bone/implant contact (BIC). Sixty specimens were selected to bone area (BA) measurement, histological analysis and immunohistochemical analysis of RUNX‐2, osteocalcin (OCN) and tartrate‐resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP). BIC and BA were considered to be the primary outcome parameters. Results Group CIS showed lower BIC (11.87 ± 0.97 mm; 19.19 ± 0.8 mm; 17.69 ± 1.05 mm; p ≤ .05) and BA (3.68 ± 1.29 mm2; 3.05 ± 0.88 mm2; 3.23 ± 0.67 mm2; p ≤ .05), as well as decreased number of RUNX‐2 (102.8 ± 27.35 cells/mm2; 100.04 ± 8.61 cells/mm2; 118.82 ± 21.38 cells/mm2; p ≤ .05)‐ and OCN‐positive cells (120 ± 24.5 cells/mm2; 102 ± 27.73 cells/mm2; 100 ± 14.23 cells/mm2; p ≤ .05) at 22, 30 and 60 days, respectively. The animals in group CIS also showed increased number of TRAP‐positive cells (86.8 ± 6.37 cells/mm2; 71.5 ± 4.72 cells/mm2; 92.8 ± 9.52 cells/mm2; p ≤ .05) and a persistent and exacerbated inflammatory response in all experimental periods. Conclusion Within the limits of this study, it was concluded that the chemotherapeutic CIS negatively affects the bone repair at peri‐implant areas, jeopardizing the osseointegration of titanium implants.