Predictors of Mortality in HPV-Associated Oropharynx Carcinoma Treated With Surgery Alone

• Published in: The Laryngoscope
• Main Authors: Han, Mary, Stanford-Moore, Gaelen B, Larson, Andrew R, Schoppy, David W, Cognetti, David M, Joshi, Arjun S, Houlton, Jeffery J, Ryan, William R
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States 01.07.2020
• Subjects: National Cancer Database; oropharynx cancer; overall survival; neck dissection; human papilloma virus; risk factors for death; neck; oropharynx; surgery alone; oropharyngeal carcinoma
• ISSN: 1531-4995
• DOI: 10.1002/lary.28344

Survival outcomes for human papillomavirus-associated oropharynx squamous cell carcinoma (HPV + OPSCC) treated with surgery alone are unclear. To increase understanding, we assessed overall survival (OS) outcomes using the national cancer database (NCDB). We conducted a retrospective analysis of OS of 736 NCDB HPV + OPSCC patients who underwent surgery alone from 2010 to 2014 using univariate and multivariate analyses and the Kaplan-Meir method. Multivariable analysis found the following independent risk factors for death: American Joint Commission on Cancer (AJCC) 8th edition pathologic stage(p)N2 versus pN0 disease (hazard ratio [HR], 5.5; P = 0.000006), macroscopic extranodal extension (ENE) versus non-ENE (HR, 4.9; P < 0.02), a positive lymph nodes (LN) percentage of ≥10% (HR, 4.2; P = 0.0002), and five or more positive LNs (HR, 4.9; P = 0.00004). Three-year OS was significantly worse for AJCC 8th edition pN2 versus pN0 but not for 7th edition pN2 versus pN0 disease. Five-year OS was significantly worse for positive versus negative surgical margins, AJCC 8th edition stage II versus I, and either microscopic or macroscopic ENE versus non-ENE positive LNs. For 523 (71%) AJCC 8th edition stage I patients and for 283 (38%) patients who were pT1-T2, with negative margins, pN0-N1, with ≤4 pathologic LNs, without ENE, and with >20 LNs removed during neck dissection, the 3-year OS rates were 93% and 95%, respectively, and the 5-year OS rates were 91% and 95%, respectively. In the context of the lack of detail and possible inaccuracies found in the NCDB, surgery alone for AJCC 8th edition stage I HPV + OPSCC, particularly pT1-T2, pN0-N1 with ≤4 pathologic LNs, without ENE, and with negative surgical margins has a high OS. 4 Laryngoscope, 2019.