Age estimation in older adults: Use of pulp/tooth ratios calculated from tooth sections

• Published in: American journal of physical anthropology Vol. 165; no. 3; pp. 594 - 603
• Main Authors: D'Ortenzio, Lori, Prowse, Tracy, Inskip, Michael, Kahlon, Bonnie, Brickley, Megan
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States Wiley Subscription Services, Inc 01.03.2018
• Subjects: Age; Age differences; bioarchaeology; Comparative analysis; dental histology; older adult age estimation; Older people; Sectioning; Teeth; older adult age estimation; dental histology; bioarchaeology
• ISSN: 0002-9483; 1096-8644; 2692-7691
• DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.23371

Objectives Accurate age estimates are foundational for bioarchaeological research, yet the ability to accurately age older adult skeletons remains elusive. This study uses a new version of pulp/tooth area calculations to investigate chronological age of older archaeological individuals. Materials and Methods Pulp/tooth area ratios were calculated on modern control teeth (n = 10) that were first radiographed and then sectioned for comparative analysis. Pulp/tooth area ratios were determined on sectioned teeth using ImageJ software for: (a) modern individuals of known age (n = 26); (b) individuals from Belleville, Ontario, Canada (1821–1874) with documented age (n = 50); and (c) Belleville individuals with skeletally estimated age (n = 122). Results Calculations from tooth sections on modern teeth (n = 10) resulted in a mean absolute error (MAE) of ±3.9 years, whereas the radiographic method for the same teeth had an MAE of ±14.45 years. Results indicate that sectioned pulp/tooth area ratios are a significant predictor of chronological age (p < .005), with MAEs of ±4.53 years for Belleville and ±3.77 years for modern individuals. There were no statistically significant differences in age estimations between modern and archaeological individuals, or with respect to tooth type, sex, or intra/inter‐observer estimations. Discussion This study provides a new more accurate method for estimating age‐at‐death, particularly for individuals in the 50+ age category. Sectioning the teeth and directly measuring exposed pulp chambers results in age estimations that were within ±4.15 years for both modern and archaeological individuals, thus presenting a method that will enhance the ability to age older individuals.