Characterizing the providers of and reimbursement for chronic migraine chemodenervation among the Medicare population

• Published in: Headache Vol. 61; no. 2; pp. 373 - 384
• Main Authors: Torabi, Sina J., Kasle, David A., Savoca, Emily L., Gottschalk, Christopher H., Manes, R. Peter
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States Wiley Subscription Services, Inc 01.02.2021
• Subjects: botox; Botulinum Toxins, Type A - therapeutic use; Chronic Disease; chronic migraine; Cross-Sectional Studies; Geographical variations; Government programs; Headache; Health Personnel - economics; Health Personnel - statistics & numerical data; Health services; Humans; Insurance, Health, Reimbursement - economics; Insurance, Health, Reimbursement - statistics & numerical data; Medicare; Medicare Part B - economics; Medicare Part B - statistics & numerical data; medicare reimbursements; Migraine; Migraine Disorders - therapy; Nerve Block - economics; Nerve Block - statistics & numerical data; Neurologists - economics; Neurologists - statistics & numerical data; Neuromuscular Agents - therapeutic use; Nurse Practitioners - economics; Nurse Practitioners - statistics & numerical data; onabotulinumtoxinA; Patients; Physicians; Physicians - economics; Physicians - statistics & numerical data; Trends; United States; United States; medicare reimbursements; botox; chronic migraine; onabotulinumtoxinA
• ISSN: 0017-8748; 1526-4610
• DOI: 10.1111/head.14040

Objective To characterize reimbursement trends and providers for chronic migraine (CM) chemodenervation treatment within the Medicare population since the introduction of the migraine‐specific CPT code in 2013. Methods We describe trends in procedure volume and total allowed charge on cross‐sectional data obtained from 2013 to 2018 Medicare Part B National Summary files. We also utilized the 2017 Medicare Provider Utilization and Payment Data to analyze higher volume providers (>10 procedures) of this treatment modality. Results The total number of CM chemodenervation treatments rose from 37,863 in 2013 to 135,023 in 2018 in a near‐linear pattern (r = 0.999) and total allowed charges rose from ~$5,217,712 to $19,166,160 (r = 0.999). The majority of high‐volume providers were neurologists (78.4%; 1060 of 1352), but a substantial proportion were advanced practice providers (APPs) (10.2%; 138 of 1352). Of the physicians, neurologists performed a higher mean number of procedures per physician compared to non‐neurologists (59.6 [95% CI: 56.6–62.6] vs. 45.4 [95% CI: 41.0–50.0], p < 0.001). When comparing physicians and APPs, APPs were paid significantly less ($146.5 [95% CI: $145.6–$147.5] vs. $119.7 [95% CI: $117.6–$121.8], p < 0.001). As a percent of the number of total beneficiaries in each state, the percent of Medicare patients receiving ≥1 CM chemodenervation treatment from a high‐volume provider in 2017 ranged from 0.024% (24 patients of 98,033 beneficiaries) in Wyoming to 0.135% (997 of 736,521) in Arizona, with six states falling outside of this range. Conclusion Chemodenervation is an increasingly popular treatment for CM among neurologists and other providers, but the reason for this increase is unclear. There is substantial geographic variation in its use.