Updates in histopathological classification and tissue biomarkers of digestive neuroendocrine neoplasms: What the clinician should know

Histopathological classifications of neuroendocrine neoplasms (NEN) change regularly and the latest WHO classification published in 2022, which concerns all NEN in the body, attempts to standardize classifications in the different locations. Differentiation and proliferation mainly assessed by Ki-67...

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Published inBaillière's best practice & research. Clinical endocrinology & metabolism Vol. 37; no. 5; p. 101795
Main Authors Couvelard, Anne, Cazes, Aurélie, Cros, Jérôme
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Netherlands Elsevier Ltd 01.09.2023
Subjects
biomarkers
classifications
NEC
NEN
NET
neuroendocrine neoplasms
neuroendocrine neoplasms
classifications
NET
NEC
NEN
biomarkers
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Summary:Histopathological classifications of neuroendocrine neoplasms (NEN) change regularly and the latest WHO classification published in 2022, which concerns all NEN in the body, attempts to standardize classifications in the different locations. Differentiation and proliferation mainly assessed by Ki-67 index are still the cornerstone of those classifications. However, many markers are now used for diagnostic (to check neuroendocrine differentiation, to identify the site of origin of a metastasis, to help separating high-grade neuroendocrine tumors/NET and neuroendocrine carcinoma/NEC), prognostic or theranostic purposes. NENs are often heterogeneous and this can lead to difficulties in classifications, biomarker and prognostic assessment. These different points are discussed successively in this review, insisting especially on the frequent digestive, gastro-entero-pancreatic (GEP) localizations.
ISSN:1521-690X
1878-1594
DOI:10.1016/j.beem.2023.101795