Drying temperature affects essential oil yield and composition of black cardamom (Amomum tsao-ko)

• Published in: Industrial crops and products Vol. 168; p. 113580
• Main Authors: Wang, Jingjian, Li, Yongkun, Lu, Qinwei, Hu, Qingyu, Liu, Pinghui, Yang, Yaowen, Li, Guodong, Xie, Hui, Tang, Huiru
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Elsevier B.V 15.09.2021
• Subjects: Amomum tsao-ko; Black cardamom; Drying temperature; Essential oil; GC-MS (SIM); Drying temperature; Amomum tsao-ko; Essential oil; GC-MS (SIM); Black cardamom
• ISSN: 0926-6690; 1872-633X
• DOI: 10.1016/j.indcrop.2021.113580

•The oil yield, the composition and content of essential oils of black cardamom varied with different drying temperature (25 ºC, 40 ºC, 55 ºC, 70 ºC, 85 ºC and 100 ºC).•Black cardamom dried under 55 ºC obtained the highest oil yield, while drying temperatures of 85 ºC and 100 ºC resulted in low yielded oil.•Higher temperatures (85 ºC and 100 ºC) produced dried extracts richer in monoterpene hydrocarbons, whereas lower temperatures yielded (E)-2 unsaturated aldehydes. At 100 ºC, essential oils were richer in eucalyptol.•Drying temperatures can be used to targeted pre-select natural products of essential oils of black cardamom. Black cardamom is the dried ripe fruit of Amomum tsao-ko Crevost et Lemaire, which is both a materia medica and an important spice widely appreciated in eastern and southeastern Asia. Metabolomics methods were applied here to study the composition and content of essential oils of black cardamom dried under various temperatures, 25 °C, 40 °C, 55 °C, 70 °C, 85 °C and 100 °C. Samples dried under 55 °C shared the highest oil yield, and treatment with higher temperatures (85 °C and 100 °C) resulted in low oil yielded. Multivariate analyses indicated that the content of compounds varied with different drying temperatures. High drying temperatures (85 °C and 100 °C) produced dried samples richer in monoterpene hydrocarbons, whereas lower temperatures yielded (E)-2 unsaturated aldehydes. Eucalyptol, the main constituent of this extract accumulated highly in 100 °C dried samples. The current study would aid researchers to set specific drying temperatures targeted to abtain pre-selected natural products.