Central glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor activation inhibits Toll-like receptor agonist-induced inflammation

• Published in: Cell metabolism Vol. 36; no. 1; pp. 130 - 143.e5
• Main Authors: Wong, Chi Kin, McLean, Brent A., Baggio, Laurie L., Koehler, Jacqueline A., Hammoud, Rola, Rittig, Nikolaj, Yabut, Julian M., Seeley, Randy J., Brown, Theodore J., Drucker, Daniel J.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States Elsevier Inc 02.01.2024
• Subjects: autonomic nervous system; diabetes; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Exenatide; G protein-coupled receptor; Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 - metabolism; Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor - metabolism; glucagon-like peptides; gut-brain axis; Humans; immune; Inflammation; obesity; Peptides - pharmacology; Sepsis; Toll-Like Receptor Agonists; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; Venoms - pharmacology; G protein-coupled receptor; autonomic nervous system; immune; inflammation; glucagon-like peptides; diabetes; obesity; gut-brain axis
• ISSN: 1550-4131; 1932-7420; 1932-7420
• DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2023.11.009

Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) exert anti-inflammatory effects relevant to the chronic complications of type 2 diabetes. Although GLP-1RAs attenuate T cell-mediated gut and systemic inflammation directly through the gut intraepithelial lymphocyte GLP-1R, how GLP-1RAs inhibit systemic inflammation in the absence of widespread immune expression of the GLP-1R remains uncertain. Here, we show that GLP-1R activation attenuates the induction of plasma tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) by multiple Toll-like receptor agonists. These actions are not mediated by hematopoietic or endothelial GLP-1Rs but require central neuronal GLP-1Rs. In a cecal slurry model of polymicrobial sepsis, GLP-1RAs similarly require neuronal GLP-1Rs to attenuate detrimental responses associated with sepsis, including sickness, hypothermia, systemic inflammation, and lung injury. Mechanistically, GLP-1R activation leads to reduced TNF-α via α1-adrenergic, δ-opioid, and κ-opioid receptor signaling. These data extend emerging concepts of brain-immune networks and posit a new gut-brain GLP-1R axis for suppression of peripheral inflammation. [Display omitted] •GLP-1R agonism attenuates TLR-induced inflammation•Semaglutide reduces the severity of polymicrobial inflammation•Anti-inflammatory actions of GLP-1R agonists require CNS GLP-1Rs•GLP-1R agonists reduce inflammation through CNS adrenergic and opioid GPCRs GLP-1R agonists may reduce cardiometabolic complications in part through reduction of inflammation. Here we show, using pharmacology and genetics, that the anti-inflammatory actions of GLP-1RAs to reduce TLR-mediated inflammation require CNS GLP-1R signaling.