The accurate measurement of second virial coefficients using self-interaction chromatography: Experimental considerations

• Published in: European journal of pharmaceutics and biopharmaceutics Vol. 85; no. 3; pp. 1103 - 1111
• Main Authors: Quigley, A., Heng, J.Y.Y., Liddell, J.M., Williams, D.R.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Netherlands Elsevier B.V 01.11.2013
• Subjects: Animals; B22; Chemistry, Pharmaceutical - methods; Chickens; Chromatography - methods; Crystallization; Diffusion; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Lysozyme; Muramidase - chemistry; Non-linear chromatography; Peak asymmetry; Proteins - chemistry; Protein–protein interaction; Reference Values; Reproducibility of Results; Salts - chemistry; Second virial coefficient; Self-interaction chromatography; Solutions; Temperature; Thermodynamics; Peak asymmetry; B22; Self-interaction chromatography; Second virial coefficient; Non-linear chromatography; Lysozyme; Protein–protein interaction; B
• ISSN: 0939-6411; 1873-3441
• DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2013.04.004

Measurement of B22, the second virial coefficient, is an important technique for describing the solution behaviour of proteins, especially as it relates to precipitation, aggregation and crystallisation phenomena. This paper describes the best practise for calculating B22 values from self-interaction chromatograms (SIC) for aqueous protein solutions. Detailed analysis of SIC peak shapes for lysozyme shows that non-Gaussian peaks are commonly encountered for SIC, with typical peak asymmetries of 10%. This asymmetry reflects a non-linear chromatographic retention process, in this case heterogeneity of the protein–protein interactions. Therefore, it is important to use the centre of mass calculations for determining accurate retention volumes and thus B22 values. Empirical peak maximum chromatogram analysis, often reported in the literature, can result in errors of up to 50% in B22 values. A methodology is reported here for determining both the mean and the variance in B22 from SIC experiments, includes a correction for normal longitudinal peak broadening. The variance in B22 due to chemical effects is quantified statistically and is a measure of the heterogeneity of protein–protein interactions in solution. In the case of lysozyme, a wide range of B22 values are measured which can vary significantly from the average B22 values.