Central venous access device adverse events in pediatric patients with cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis

• Published in: Supportive care in cancer Vol. 32; no. 10; p. 662
• Main Authors: Nunn, Jenna L., Takashima, Mari D., Wray-Jones, Erin M., Soosay Raj, Trisha A., Hanna, Diane M. T., Ullman, Amanda J.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Berlin/Heidelberg Springer Berlin Heidelberg 01.10.2024; Springer Nature B.V
• Subjects: Adolescent; Cancer; Catheter-Related Infections - epidemiology; Catheter-Related Infections - etiology; Catheterization, Central Venous - adverse effects; Catheters; Central Venous Catheters - adverse effects; Child; Child, Preschool; Health risks; Humans; Incidence; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Medicine; Medicine & Public Health; Neoplasms - drug therapy; Nosocomial infections; Nursing; Nursing Research; Oncology; Pain Medicine; Pediatrics; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Rehabilitation Medicine; Review; Side effects; Thromboembolism; Vascular occlusion; Venous access; Pediatrics; CVAD; Oncology; Complications; Central catheters
• ISSN: 0941-4355; 1433-7339; 1433-7339
• DOI: 10.1007/s00520-024-08853-0

Purpose To systematically review the proportion and incidence of CVAD-associated complications in pediatric patients with cancer. Methods PubMed, Embase, and the Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature were searched from 2012 to 2022. Cohort studies and the control arm of randomized controlled trials, which reported CVAD-associated complications in pediatric patients aged 0–18 years, were included. CVAD complications were defined as CVAD failure, central line–associated bloodstream infection (CLABSI), local infection, occlusion, CVAD-associated venous thromboembolism, dislodgement/migration, breakage/rupture, and dehiscence. The pooled proportion and incidence rate (IR) for each CVAD-associated complication were reported. Results Of 40 included studies, there was mixed quality of methods and reporting. Approximately 31.4% (95% confidence interval [CI] 22.5–41.1; 6920 devices) of devices experienced a CVAD-associated complication, and 14.8% (95% CI 10.2–20.1; 24 studies; 11,762 devices) of CVADs failed before treatment completion (incidence rate (IR) of 0.5 per 1000 catheter days (95% CI 0.3–0.8; 12 studies; 798,000 catheter days)). Overall, 21.2% (95% CI 14.3–28.9; 26 studies; 5054 devices) of CVADs developed a CLABSI, with an IR of 0.9 per 1000 catheter days (95% CI 0.6–1.3; 12 studies; 798,094 catheter days). Tunneled central venous catheters (TCVC) and peripherally inserted central catheters (PICCs) were associated with increased complications in comparison to totally implanted venous access devices (TIVADs). Conclusion CVAD complication rates in this population remain high. TCVCs and PICCs are associated with increased complications relative to TIVADs. Insufficient evidence exists to guide device selection in this cohort, necessitating further research to determine the role of PICCs in pediatric cancer care. PROSPERO: CRD42022359467. Date of registration: 22 September 2022.