Sustained swimming exercise training decreases the individual variation in the metabolic phenotype of gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata)

• Published in: Comparative biochemistry and physiology. Part A, Molecular & integrative physiology Vol. 262; p. 111077
• Main Authors: Yu, Xiaoming, Ozorio, Rodrigo O.A., Magnoni, LeonardoJ
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States Elsevier Inc 01.12.2021
• Subjects: Animals; Aquatic respirometry; Biological Variation, Individual; Biomarkers - blood; Blood Glucose - metabolism; Detraining; Energy Metabolism; EPOC; Gilthead Sea bream; Hydrocortisone - blood; Individual variation; Lactic Acid - blood; Metabolic phenotype; Metabolic rate; Oxygen Consumption; Phenotype; Physical Conditioning, Animal; Physiological traits; Sea Bream - blood; Sea Bream - metabolism; Stressor; Swim training; Swimming; Time Factors; Metabolic rate; Metabolic phenotype; Gilthead Sea bream; Stressor; Individual variation; Aquatic respirometry; Physiological traits; Detraining; Swim training; EPOC
• ISSN: 1095-6433; 1531-4332
• DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2021.111077

Cultured fish can be induced to swim, although the suitability and benefits remain to be tested. Sustained swimming exercise (SSE) training and detraining (DET) were applied in juvenile gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata) and the metabolic rates were investigated. Fish with a total body mass of 80.5 ± 1.5 g and total length 17.2 ± 0.1 cm were maintained untrained (spontaneously swimming activity, UNT), swim-trained (induced sustained swimming activity, SSE) at 1 BL s−1 for 28 days, or detrained (28 days of swimming followed by 10 days of untraining, DET). Standard metabolic rate (SMR), maximum metabolic rate (MMR), and excess post-exercise oxygen consumption (EPOC) were assessed (n = 10). In addition, the effects of SSE training (51 days) on blood and plasma parameters were investigated before and immediately after applying a high-intensity swimming (HIS) protocol. SMR, MMR, and EPOC values were not different between SSE, UNT, or DET fish (143.2, 465.5 mg O2 kg−1 h−1, and 459.1 mg O2 kg−1, respectively). Spite the lack of differences between treatments, the dispersion in the residuals for SMR, MMR, and absolute aerobic scope (AAS) values followed the order UNT > DET > SSE, indicating that swim training decreases the individual variation of these metabolic parameters. Haematological parameters, plasma glucose, lactate, and cortisol levels were similar between SSE and UNT groups before HIS. Plasma glucose and lactate levels increased in both groups after HIS, being higher in the SSE group. Plasma cortisol levels were similar between both groups after HIS. Results suggest that SSE training improves energy use and reduces individual variation in SMR and MMR, an effect that declines with detraining. [Display omitted] •Metabolic parameters (SMR, MMR, AAS, and EPOC) were not modified by swim training (SSE) at 1 BL s−1 in gilthead sea bream.•Individual variation in the SMR, MMR, and AAS values decreased in SSE-trained fish, although decline after detraining.•Residuals for AAS and MMR showed a positive linear relationship in fish across experimental conditions.•SSE training did not affect haematological parameters and cortisol levels after applying high-intensity swimming (HIS).•Plasma glucose and lactate levels increased in swim trained and untrained groups after HIS, being higher in the SSE group.