Circulating MIC-1/GDF15 is a complementary screening biomarker with CEA and correlates with liver metastasis and poor survival in colorectal cancer

• Published in: Oncotarget Vol. 8; no. 15; pp. 24892 - 24901
• Main Authors: Wang, Xiaobing, Yang, Zhaogang, Tian, Haimei, Li, Yanfen, Li, Mo, Zhao, Wenya, Zhang, Chao, Wang, Teng, Liu, Jing, Zhang, Aili, Shen, Di, Zheng, Cuining, Qi, Jun, Zhao, Dan, Shi, Junfeng, Jin, Liliang, Rao, Jianyu, Zhang, Wei
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States Impact Journals LLC 11.04.2017
• Subjects: Biomarkers, Tumor - blood; Carcinoembryonic Antigen - blood; Colorectal Neoplasms - blood; Colorectal Neoplasms - pathology; Female; Growth Differentiation Factor 15 - blood; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Neoplasm Metastasis; Prognosis; Research Paper; Survival Analysis; liver metastasis; screening; colorectal cancer; biomarker; prognosis
• ISSN: 1949-2553; 1949-2553
• DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.15279

Macrophage inhibitory cytokine 1 (MIC-1/GDF15) has been characterized as a candidate biomarker for colorectal cancer (CRC) recently. However, the role of serum MIC-1 in screening patients with early stage CRC and monitoring therapeutic response have not been well-established, particularly in the combination with CEA for the screening and the prejudgment of occurrence with liver metastasis. In this study, we performed a retrospective blinded evaluation of 987 serum samples from 473 individuals with CRC, 25 with adenomatous polyps, and 489 healthy individuals using ELISA or immunoassay. The sensitivity of serum MIC-1 was 43.8% and 38.5% for CRC diagnosis and early diagnosis, respectively, which were independent of and comparatively higher than for CEA (36.6% and 27.3%) at comparable specificity. Serum MIC-1 after surgery were significantly elevated at the time of tumor recurrence, and notable increase were observed in 100% patients with liver metastasis. Besides the TNM classification and differentiation grade, MIC-1 was an independent prognostic factor contributing to overall survival. We conclude that MIC-1 can act as a candidate complementary biomarker for screening early-stage CRC by combination with CEA, and furthermore, for the first time, identify a promising prognostic indicator for monitoring recurrence with liver metastasis, to support strategies towards personalized therapy.