Gender Dysphoria and Social Anxiety: An Exploratory Study in Spain

• Published in: Journal of sexual medicine Vol. 13; no. 8; p. 1270
• Main Authors: Bergero-Miguel, Trinidad, García-Encinas, María A, Villena-Jimena, Amelia, Pérez-Costillas, Lucía, Sánchez-Álvarez, Nicolás, de Diego-Otero, Yolanda, Guzman-Parra, Jose
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Netherlands 01.08.2016
• Subjects: Adolescent; Adult; Anxiety - psychology; Crime Victims - psychology; Cross-Sectional Studies; Depression - psychology; Depressive Disorder - psychology; Exposure to Violence - psychology; Fear - psychology; Female; Gender Dysphoria - psychology; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Odds Ratio; Phobia, Social - psychology; Prevalence; Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; Retrospective Studies; Self-Injurious Behavior - psychology; Spain; Suicidal Ideation; Surveys and Questionnaires; Transsexualism - psychology; Social Phobia; Transgender; Victimization; Transsexuals; Social Anxiety
• ISSN: 1743-6109
• DOI: 10.1016/j.jsxm.2016.05.009

Social anxiety in gender dysphoria is still under investigation. To determine the prevalence and associated factors of social anxiety in a sample of individuals with gender dysphoria. A cross-sectional design was used in a clinical sample attending a public gender identity unit in Spain. The sample consisted of 210 individuals (48% trans female and 52% trans male). Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI) for diagnosis of social anxiety disorder, Structured Clinical Interview, Exposure to Violence Questionnaire (EVQ), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II), and Functional Social Support Questionnaire (Duke-UNC-11). Of the total sample, 31.4% had social anxiety disorder. Social anxiety disorder was highly correlated with age (r = -0.181; CI = 0.061-0.264; P = .009) and depression (r = 0.345; CI = 0.213-0.468; P < .001); it is strongly associated to current cannabis use (relative risk [RR] = 1.251; CI = 1.070-1.463; P = .001) and lifetime suicidal ideation (RR = 1.902; CI 1.286-2.814; P < .001). Moreover, it is significantly associated to lifetime nonsuicidal self-injury (RR = 1.188; CI 1.018-1.386; P = .011), nationality (RR = 7.792; CI 1.059-57.392; P = .013), perceived violence at school during childhood and adolescence (r = 0.169; CI = 0.036-0.303; P = .014), unemployment (RR = 1.333; CI 1.02-1.742; P = .021), and hospitalization of parents in childhood (RR = 1.146; CI = 1.003-4.419; P = .046). Using multivariable analysis, the highly significant variables within the model were depression score (odds ratio [OR] = 1.083; CI = 1.045-1.123; P < .001) and current cannabis use (OR = 3.873; CI = 1.534-9.779, P = .004), also age (OR = 0.948; CI = 0.909-0.989; P = .012), hospitalization of parents during childhood (OR = 2.618; CI = 1.107-6.189; P = .028), and nationality (OR = 9.427; CI = 1.065-83.457; P = .044) were associated with social anxiety disorder. This study highlights the necessity of implementing actions to prevent and treat social anxiety in this high-risk population.