Mechanical FEM Simulation of bonding process on Cu lowK wafers

• Published in: IEEE transactions on components and packaging technologies Vol. 27; no. 4; pp. 643 - 650
• Main Authors: Degryse, D., Vandevelde, B., Beyne, E.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: New York IEEE 01.12.2004; The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
• Subjects: Bonding; Bonding forces; Bonding processes; Circuit simulation; Computer simulation; Copper; Dielectric materials; Electric wire; Finite element method; Gold; Integrated circuit (IC) processing; Integrated circuit interconnections; Interconnection; lowK materials; Mathematical models; Silicon; Stress; Stresses; Studies; Wire
• ISSN: 1521-3331; 1557-9972
• DOI: 10.1109/TCAPT.2004.838862

Major changes are currently happening at the back-end-of-line of integrated circuit processing. New materials are introduced to achieve better electrical performance. The drawback of these new materials is their different mechanical behavior compared to the traditionally used materials. LowK materials, used to replace silicon oxide as dielectric, are very soft and thus provide a low mechanical stiffness. The transition from gold wire to copper wire for the bonding process requires higher forces during the bonding process to form a bond due to the higher hardness of the copper. This leads to higher stresses in the structure. Finally, copper replaces aluminum as interconnection metal. In this study, the induced stresses during the wire bonding process are studied. In the first part, a contact analysis is performed to model the bond formation. The diameter of the bond is recorded as a function of the applied force. The yield stress of the bond material can be estimated by comparing these simulation results to experimental data. In the second part, the stresses in the bond pad are studied. The influence of different lowK materials and interconnection materials is investigated for different configurations of the bond pad. The comparison with the traditionally used materials is made.