Chronodisruption and diet associated with increased cardiometabolic risk in coronary heart disease patients: the CORDIOPREV study

• Published in: Translational research : the journal of laboratory and clinical medicine Vol. 242; pp. 79 - 92
• Main Authors: Romero-Cabrera, Juan Luis, Garaulet, Marta, Jimenez-Torres, Jose, Alcala-Diaz, Juan F., Quintana Navarro, Gracia M., Martin-Piedra, Laura, Torres-Peña, Jose David, Rodriguez-Cantalejo, Fernando, Rangel-Zuñiga, Oriol Alberto, Yubero-Serrano, Elena Maria, Luque, Raul M., Ordovas, Jose M., Lopez-Miranda, Jose, Pérez-Martínez, Pablo, García-Rios, Antonio
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States Elsevier Inc 01.04.2022
• Subjects: Cardiovascular Diseases - etiology; Circadian Rhythm; Coronary Disease; Diet; Humans; Metabolic Syndrome - complications; Sleep; Surveys and Questionnaires; CRP; TAP; MEDAS; PUFA; CFI; MUFA; IS; WC; IV; BP; RA; SFA; CVD; FFQ; HDL-C; MetS; TG; MEQ; CHD
• ISSN: 1931-5244; 1878-1810
• DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2021.11.001

Individuals with evening chronotypes are prone to suffer chronodisruption and display worse lifestyle habits than morning-types, exhibiting higher cardiovascular diseases (CVD). However, it is unknown whether CVD patients, who are evening chronotypes, have higher cardiometabolic risk than morning-types. This study explored whether individual chronotypes were associated with cardiometabolic risk in patients from the CORDIOPREV study (n = 857). We also investigated whether potential associations were moderated by long-term consumption of two healthy diets (Mediterranean and Low-fat diets). This population was classified into chronotypes using the Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire. Seven-day daily rhythms in wrist temperature (T), rest-activity (A) and position (P) were recorded in a subset of patients (n = 168), and an integrative variable TAP was determined. Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) was determined at baseline, and metabolic and inflammation markers were measured at baseline and yearly during the 4 years of follow-up. Differences in several lifestyle factors were analyzed according to chronotype. At all times, evening-types had higher triglycerides, C-reactive protein and homocysteine and lower high density lipoprotein cholesterol than morning-types (P < 0.05). Evening-types had a higher prevalence of MetS (OR 1.58 IC 95% [1.10 – 2.28], P = 0.01). Moreover, they were more sedentary, displayed less and delayed physical activity and ate and slept later. In addition, evening-types had lower amplitude, greater fragmentation, lower robustness and less stable circadian pattern at TAP (P < 0.01), all related to a less healthy circadian pattern. In conclusion, evening-types with CVD had higher cardiometabolic risk and less robust circadian-related rhythms than morning-types, regardless of the nutritional intervention.