Mucosal innate immune factors in the female genital tract are associated with vaginal HIV-1 shedding independent of plasma viral load

Recent studies indicate that mucosal innate immune factors modulate HIV-1 infection in vitro. Our interest was to examine the levels of innate mucosal factors for their potential association with HIV-1 shedding in the female genital tract. Vaginal lavages were collected from HIV-1-infected women who...

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Published inAIDS research and human retroviruses Vol. 22; no. 8; p. 788
Main Authors Cummins, James E, Christensen, Logan, Lennox, Jeffery L, Bush, Timothy J, Wu, Zhiwei, Malamud, Daniel, Evans-Strickfaden, Tammy, Siddig, Aladin, Caliendo, Angela M, Hart, Clyde E, Dezzutti, Charlene S
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published United States 01.08.2006
Subjects
Adolescent
Adult
Analysis of Variance
Chemokines - analysis
Chi-Square Distribution
Cytokines - analysis
Female
HIV Infections - immunology
HIV-1 - immunology
Humans
Immunity, Innate - immunology
Immunity, Mucosal - immunology
Immunologic Factors - analysis
Middle Aged
RNA, Viral - blood
Vagina - immunology
Vagina - virology
Viral Load
Viremia - virology
Virus Shedding - immunology
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Summary:Recent studies indicate that mucosal innate immune factors modulate HIV-1 infection in vitro. Our interest was to examine the levels of innate mucosal factors for their potential association with HIV-1 shedding in the female genital tract. Vaginal lavages were collected from HIV-1-infected women who had vaginal viral loads (VVL) that were below, within, or above the 90% confidence interval (CI) predicted by their matched plasma viral loads. Innate immune factors [cathepsin D, lactoferrin (Lf), myeloid related protein (MRP)-8, MRP-8/14, secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor, and gp340], cytokines (IL-1beta and TNF-alpha), and chemokines (MIP-1alpha, MIP-1beta, RANTES, and SDF-1alpha) were quantified by ELISA. Leukocyte levels were determined using a leukocyte reagent strip for urinalysis. Lf, MRP-8/14, gp340, and IL-1beta levels were significantly higher in vaginal lavages above the 90% CI and generally correlated with each other and with VVL. Leukocyte levels were significantly higher in the lavages that had virus shedding above the 90% CI and correlated strongly with Lf levels and VVL. In this group of women, these results suggest that the levels of certain innate immune factors are more closely associated with HIV-1 shedding in the genital mucosa than plasma virus concentrations.
ISSN:0889-2229
DOI:10.1089/aid.2006.22.788