Building on the past to help prepare the workforce for the future with automated vehicles: A systematic review of automated passenger vehicle deployment timelines

• Published in: Technology in society Vol. 72; p. 102186
• Main Authors: Agrawal, Shubham, Schuster, Amy M., Britt, Noah, Mack, Elizabeth A., Tidwell, Michael L., Cotten, Shelia R.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Elsevier Ltd 01.02.2023
• Subjects: Automated vehicle; Industry; Mass deployment; Regulation; Timeline prediction; Industry; Timeline prediction; Regulation; Mass deployment; Automated vehicle
• ISSN: 0160-791X; 1879-3274
• DOI: 10.1016/j.techsoc.2022.102186

A variety of stakeholders have put forth automated vehicle (AV) deployment timeline predictions over the past decade. To synthesize these predictions, we performed a systematic literature review of past and current AV deployment timeline predictions in the United States from different stakeholder groups, including private stakeholders, government organizations, and research organizations. Our analysis revealed that none of the AV mass deployment timelines from any stakeholder group have been met. It also shows discrepancies between timelines put forth by private and public stakeholders, with the private sector being more optimistic in their predictions. Accurate timelines are needed so regulators are able to create appropriate public policies and comprehensive budgets, and private stakeholders can make better informed decisions. More specifically, the mass deployment of AVs is anticipated to affect many transportation-related jobs which reinforces the importance of accurate AV deployment timelines to prepare the workers who may be displaced and for the development of workforce education and training initiatives. •We systematically reviewed U.S.-based automated vehicle (AV) timeline predictions.•Industry predictions and regulatory timelines are also reviewed.•None of the AV deployment timelines from any stakeholder group have been met.•Public stakeholders' predictions are more conservative than private stakeholders.•Forty-three U.S. states and Washington, D.C. have enacted AV-related laws.