The relationship between rates of hospitalization for ambulatory care sensitive conditions and local access to primary healthcare in Manitoba First Nations communities Results from the Innovation in Community-based Primary Healthcare Supporting Transformation in the Health of First Nations in Manitoba (iPHIT) study

• Published in: Canadian journal of public health Vol. 112; no. 2; pp. 219 - 230
• Main Authors: Lavoie, Josée G., Philips-Beck, Wanda, Kinew, Kathi Avery, Kyoon-Achan, Grace, Sinclair, Stephanie, Katz, Alan
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Cham Springer International Publishing 01.04.2021
• Subjects: Ambulatory Care - statistics & numerical data; Health Services Accessibility - statistics & numerical data; Hospitalization - statistics & numerical data; Humans; Indigenous Canadians - statistics & numerical data; Manitoba; Medicine; Medicine & Public Health; Primary Health Care - organization & administration; Public Health; Quantitative Research; Manitoba; Avoidable hospitalization; Santé autochtone; hospitalisation évitable; Indigenous health; santé primaire; collectivités rurales et éloignées; Nursing stations; postes de soins infirmiers; Primary care; Rural and remote communities
• ISSN: 0008-4263; 1920-7476
• DOI: 10.17269/s41997-020-00421-3

Objectives The objective of this study was to assess the performance of models of primary healthcare (PHC) delivered in First Nation and adjacent communities in Manitoba, using hospitalization rates for ambulatory care sensitive conditions (ACSC) as the primary outcome. Methods We used generalized estimating equation logistic regression on administrative claims data for 63 First Nations communities from Manitoba (1986–2016) comprising 140,111 people, housed at the Manitoba Centre for Health Policy. We controlled for age, sex, and socio-economic status to describe the relationship between hospitalization rates for ACSC and models of PHC in First Nation communities. Results Hospitalization rates for acute, chronic, vaccine-preventable, and mental health-related ACSCs have decreased over time in First Nation communities, yet remain significantly higher in First Nations and remote non-First Nations communities as compared with other Manitobans. When comparing different models of care, hospitalization rates were historically higher in communities served by health centres/offices, whether or not supplemented by itinerant medical services. These rates have significantly declined over the past two decades. Conclusion Local access to a broader complement of PHC services is associated with lower rates of avoidable hospitalization in First Nation communities. The lack of these services in many First Nation communities demonstrates the failure of the current Canadian healthcare system to meet the need of First Nation peoples. Improving access to PHC in all 63 First Nation communities can be expected to result in a reduction in ACSC hospitalization rates and reduce healthcare cost.