Current Options for Second-Line Systemic Therapy in Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma

Standard systemic therapy of advanced renal cell carcinoma (RCC) involves targeting angiogenesis, mainly through tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) against the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR) pathway and targeting the immune checkpoints, namely, programmed death-1 (PD-1) or its lig...

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Published inJournal of kidney cancer and VHL Vol. 9; no. 3; pp. 29 - 40
Main Authors Mitsogiannis, Iraklis C., Mitsogianni, Maria, Papathanassiou, Maria, Anagnostou, Maria, Tamposis, Ioannis, Mitrakas, Lampros, Samara, Maria, Tzortzis, Vassilios, Vlachostergios, Panagiotis J.
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Brisbane Codon Publications 01.01.2022
Subjects
angiogenesis
Cancer therapies
Cytokines
Immunotherapy
Kidney cancer
Medical prognosis
Metastasis
Patients
renal cell carcinoma
Review
second line
tyrosine kinase inhibitor
Vascular endothelial growth factor
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Summary:Standard systemic therapy of advanced renal cell carcinoma (RCC) involves targeting angiogenesis, mainly through tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) against the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR) pathway and targeting the immune checkpoints, namely, programmed death-1 (PD-1) or its ligand (PD-L1), and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA4). With current strategies of combining these two approaches in the front-line setting, less is known about optimal selection of therapy upon development of resistance in the second and later lines of treatment for progressive disease. This review discusses currently available therapeutic options in patients who have progressive RCC after prior treatment with double immune check-point inhibitors (ICIs) or ICI-TKI combinations.
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ISSN:2203-5826
2203-5826
DOI:10.15586/jkcvhl.v9i3.243