The spectrum of paroxysmal dyskinesias

Paroxysmal dyskinesias (PxD) comprise a group of heterogeneous syndromes characterized by recurrent attacks of mainly dystonia and/or chorea, without loss of consciousness. PxD have been classified according to their triggers and duration as paroxysmal kinesigenic dyskinesia, paroxysmal nonkinesigen...

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Bibliographic Details
Published inFuture neurology Vol. 14; no. 3
Main Author Manso-Calderón, Raquel
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published London Future Medicine Ltd 01.08.2019
Subjects
Age
Alcohol
Coffee
Cold
Dyskinesia
Hyperventilation
Menstruation
Mutation
paroxysmal dyskinesias
paroxysmal exercise-induced dyskinesia
paroxysmal kinesigenic dyskinesia
paroxysmal nonkinesigenic dyskinesia
Pregnancy
Puberty
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Summary:Paroxysmal dyskinesias (PxD) comprise a group of heterogeneous syndromes characterized by recurrent attacks of mainly dystonia and/or chorea, without loss of consciousness. PxD have been classified according to their triggers and duration as paroxysmal kinesigenic dyskinesia, paroxysmal nonkinesigenic dyskinesia and paroxysmal exertion-induced dyskinesia. Of note, the spectrum of genetic and nongenetic conditions underlying PxD is continuously increasing, but not always a phenotype–etiology correlation exists. This creates a challenge in the diagnostic work-up, increased by the fact that most of these episodes are unwitnessed. Furthermore, other paroxysmal disorders, included those of psychogenic origin, should be considered in the differential diagnosis. In this review, some key points for the diagnosis are provided, as well as the appropriate treatment and future approaches discussed.
ISSN:1479-6708
1748-6971
DOI:10.2217/fnl-2018-0047