Interaction Effects of Temperature, Light, Nutrients, and pH on Growth and Competition of Chlorella vulgaris and Anabaena sp. Strain PCC
Interaction effects of temperature, light, nutrients, and pH on growth and competition of Chlorella vulgaris and Anabaena sp. strain PCC were evaluated using an orthogonal design method to elucidate how these environment factors promote the growth of beneficial algae and limit the growth of harmful...
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Published in | Frontiers in environmental science Vol. 9 |
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Main Authors | , , , , , , , |
Format | Journal Article |
Language | English |
Published |
Frontiers Media S.A
16.07.2021
|
Subjects | |
Online Access | Get full text |
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Summary: | Interaction effects of temperature, light, nutrients, and pH on growth and competition of
Chlorella vulgaris
and
Anabaena
sp. strain PCC were evaluated using an orthogonal design method to elucidate how these environment factors promote the growth of beneficial algae and limit the growth of harmful algae. The optimal conditions for the growth of
C. vulgaris
in the mono-culture system were as follows: temperature, 35°C; light, 660 lx; N concentration, 0.36 mg L
−1
; P concentration, 0.1 mg L
−1
; and pH, 9.0; and those for
Anabaena
were as follows: temperature, 30°C; light, 6,600 lx; N concentration, 0.18 mg L
−1
; P concentration, 0.1 mg L
−1
; and pH, 7.0. The optimal conditions for the growth of
C. vulgaris
in the co-culture system were as follows: temperature, 25°C; light, 4,400 lx; N concentration, 0.18 mg L
−1
; P concentration, 0.5 mg L
−1
; and pH, 6.0; and those for
Anabaena
were as follows: temperature, 35°C; light, 4,400 lx; N concentration, 0.36 mg L
−1
; P concentration, 0.5 mg L
−1
; and pH, 6.0. Both competition-inhibition parameters of
Anabaena
against
C. vulgaris
and those of
C. vulgaris
against
Anabaena
were the largest under the following conditions: temperature, 30°C; light intensity, 6,600 lx; N concentration, 0.36 mg L
−1
; P concentration, 0.025 mg L
−1
; and pH, 8.0. According to the Lotka–Volterra competition model,
Anabaena
won in the competition in the co-culture system with the following conditions: 1) temperature, 15°C; light, 660 lx; total N (TN), 0.18 mg L
−1
; total P (TP), 0.025 mg L
−1
; pH, 6; 2) temperature, 15°C; light, 2,200 lx; TN, 0.36 mg L
−1
; TP, 0.025 mg L
−1
; pH, 7; 3) temperature, 15°C; light, 6,600 lx; TN, 3.6 mg L
−1
; TP, 0.5 mg L
−1
; pH, 9; 4) temperature, 30°C; light, 4,400 lx; TN, 0.18 mg L
−1
; TP, 0.05 mg L
−1
; pH, 9; 5) temperature, 35°C; light, 660 lx; TN, 3.6 mg L
−1
; TP, 0.05 mg L
−1
; pH, 8; and 6) temperature, 35°C; light, 2,200 lx; TN, 0.72 mg L
−1
; TP, 0.025 mg L
−1
; pH, 9. However,
C. vulgaris
could not win in the competition in the co-culture system under all conditions tested. |
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ISSN: | 2296-665X 2296-665X |
DOI: | 10.3389/fenvs.2021.690191 |