Quantification of pathogenic bacteria in the subgingival oral biofilm samples collected from cigarette-smokers, individuals using electronic nicotine delivery systems and non-smokers with and without periodontitis

• Published in: Archives of oral biology Vol. 117; p. 104793
• Main Authors: Aldakheel, Fahad M., Alduraywish, Shatha A., Jhugroo, Poojdev, Jhugroo, Chitra, Divakar, Darshan Devang
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Elsevier Ltd 01.09.2020
• Subjects: Bacteria; Cigarette smoking; Dentistry; Electronic nicotine delivery systems; Periodontitis; Subgingival oral biofilm; Bacteria; Periodontitis; Cigarette smoking; Electronic nicotine delivery systems; Subgingival oral biofilm
• ISSN: 0003-9969; 1879-1506
• DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2020.104793

•Periodontal parameters were similar in smokers, ENDS-users, and non-smokers with periodontitis.•Bacteria were more often identified in smokers and ENDS-users than non-smokers.•There was no difference in counts of P. intermedia and T. denticola in smokers and ENDS-users. The aim of the present study was to quantify pathogenic bacteria isolated from the subgingival oral-biofilm samples collected from cigarette-smokers and ENDS-users with periodontitis, when compared to non-smokers with and without periodontitis. Demographic data was collected using a questionnaire. Periodontal parameters (plaque [PI] and gingival [GI] indices, clinical attachment loss [CAL], probing depth [PD] and marginal bone loss [MBL]) were measured. Subgingival oral bio-film samples were collected and assessed for periodontopathogenic bacteria (Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans [A. actinomycetemcomitans], Prevotella intermedia [P. intermedia], Porphyromonas gingivalis [P. gingivalis], Tannerella forsythia [T. forsythia] and Treponema denticola [T. denticola]). Group-comparisons were performed; and P < 0.01 were considered statistically significant. All cigarette-smokers, ENDS-users and non-smokers with periodontitis had Grade-B periodontitis. The CFU/mL of A. actinomycetemcomitans (P < 0.001) and P. gingivalis (P < 0.001) were significantly higher among cigarette-smokers (P < 0.01) and ENDS-users (P < 0.01) than non-smokers with periodontitis. The CFU/mL of T. denticola were significantly higher among cigarette-smokers (P < 0.001), ENDS-users (P < 0.001) and non-smokers with periodontitis (P < 0.001) compared with non-smokers without periodontitis. There was no statistically significant difference in the CFU/mL of P. intermedia and T. denticola among cigarette-smokers, ENDS-users and non-smokers with periodontitis. Counts of periodontopathogenic bacteria in the subgingival oral-biofilm are comparable among cigarette-smokers and individuals using ENDS.