Proteomic Biomarkers of Atherosclerosis

• Published in: Biomarker Insights Vol. 2008; no. 3; p. BMI.S488
• Main Authors: Vivanco, F., Padial, L.R., Darde, V.M., De La Cuesta, F., Alvarez-Llamas, G., Diaz-Prieto, Natacha, Barderas, M.G.
• Format: Journal Article Book Review
• Language: English
• Published: London, England SAGE Publishing 2008; SAGE Publications; Sage Publications Ltd
• Subjects: atherosclerosis; cardiovascular diseases; proteomics; atheroma plaque; biomarkers
• ISSN: 1177-2719; 1177-2719
• DOI: 10.4137/BMI.S488

F. Vivanco1,2, L.R. Padial3, V.M. Darde1, F. de la Cuesta1, G. Alvarez-Llamas1, Natacha Diaz-Prieto4 and M.G. Barderas1,4 1Department of Immunology. Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain. 2Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, Universidad Complutense, Proteomic Unit, Madrid, Spain. 3Department of Cardiology. Hospital Virgen de la Salud, SESCAM, Toledo, Spain. 4Department of Vascular Pathophysiology. Hospital Nacional de Paraplejicos, SESCAM, Toledo, Spain. Abstract Biomarkers provide a powerful approach to understanding the spectrum of cardiovascular diseases. They have application in screening, diagnostic, prognostication, prediction of recurrences and monitoring of therapy. The "omics" tool are becoming very useful in the development of new biomarkers in cardiovascular diseases. Among them, proteomics is especially fitted to look for new proteins in health and disease and is playing a significant role in the development of new diagnostic tools in cardiovascular diagnosis and prognosis. This review provides an overview of progress in applying proteomics to atherosclerosis. First, we describe novel proteins identified analysing atherosclerotic plaques directly. Careful analysis of proteins within the atherosclerotic vascular tissue can provide a repertoire of proteins involved in vascular remodelling and atherogenesis. Second, we discuss recent data concerning proteins secreted by atherosclerotic plaques. The definition of the atheroma plaque secretome resides in that proteins secreted by arteries can be very good candidates of novel biomarkers. Finally we describe proteins that have been differentially expressed (versus controls) by individual cells which constitute atheroma plaques (endothelial cells, vascular smooth muscle cells, macrophages and foam cells) as well as by circulating cells (monocytes, platelets) or novel biomarkers present in plasma.