Comparative Effects of Calcium, Boron, and Zinc Inhibiting Physiological Disorders, Improving Yield and Quality of Solanum lycopersicum

• Published in: Biology (Basel, Switzerland) Vol. 13; no. 10; p. 766
• Main Authors: Haleema, Bibi, Shah, Syed Tanveer, Basit, Abdul, Hikal, Wafaa M, Arif, Muhammad, Khan, Waleed, Said-Al Ahl, Hussein A H, Fhatuwani, Mudau
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Switzerland MDPI AG 26.09.2024; MDPI
• Subjects: Abiotic stress; Agricultural production; Analysis; Bacteria; Boron; Calcium; Cardiovascular diseases; correlation; Crop diseases; Crop yield; Crop yields; deficiency; Flowering; Flowers & plants; Foliar applications; Food industry; Food quality; Fruit cultivation; Fruit rot; Fruits; Homeostasis; Metabolism; micronutrients; Nutrient deficiency; Nutrients; Physiological aspects; Physiological disorders; Physiology; Plant diseases; Plant growth; Productivity; Solutes; tomato; Tomatoes; Vegetables; Zinc; Pakistan; micronutrients; tomato; correlation; deficiency; physiological disorders
• ISSN: 2079-7737; 2079-7737
• DOI: 10.3390/biology13100766

Localized calcium deficiency at the tomato flower end causes a physiological disorder called blossom end rot, resulting in yield losses of up to 50 percent. Fruit cracking is another physiological disorder of tomatoes that most often occurs when the movement of water and solutes to the tomato is protracted or rapid, but the underlying cause of fruit cracking is, again, calcium deficiency. Therefore, the present field experiment was conducted with the aim of increasing yield and reducing physiological disorders in tomatoes with a foliar application of calcium and micronutrients (zinc and boron). Four levels of calcium (0, 0.3, 0.6, and 0.9%), three levels of boron (0, 0.25, and 0.5%), and three levels of Zinc (0, 0.25, and 0.5%) were applied foliarly three times (starting at flowering, the 2nd application was repeated when the fruits set, and the 3rd after a period of 15 days from the fruits set). An addition of 0.6% calcium increased yield and associated traits with a decreased flower drop. Likewise, a 0.9% calcium addition increased fruit Ca content and decreased blossom end rot, fruit cracking, and Zn content. Foliar spraying with 0.25% boron (compound B) improved flowering and production while reducing flower drop and tomato fruit cracking. Similarly, an application of 0.5% B significantly increased Ca and B content with minimal blossom end rot and Zn content. Likewise, a 0.5% Zn application resulted in yield and yield-related traits with increased fruit B and Zn contents while blossom end rot, fruit cracking, and fruit Ca content were lower when 0.5% of foliar Zn was applied. Therefore, it is concluded that a foliar application of Ca, B, and Zn can be used alone or in combination to minimize the physiological disorders, increase production, and improve tomato fruit quality.