An Industrial Perspective on Counter Anions in Gold Catalysis: Underestimated with Respect to “Ligand Effects”

• Published in: Advanced synthesis & catalysis Vol. 360; no. 13; pp. 2493 - 2502
• Main Authors: Schießl, Jasmin, Schulmeister, Jürgen, Doppiu, Angelino, Wörner, Eileen, Rudolph, Matthias, Karch, Ralf, Hashmi, A. Stephen K.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: WEINHEIM Wiley 04.07.2018; Wiley Subscription Services, Inc
• Subjects: Alkynes; allenes; Anions; Catalysis; catalyst optimization; Catalysts; Catalytic activity; Chemistry; Chemistry, Applied; Chemistry, Organic; counter anion; Dependence; Gold; ligand; Ligands; NMR; Nuclear magnetic resonance; Optimization; Physical Sciences; Science & Technology; Substrates; C BOND FORMATION; SILVER; COMPLEXES; catalyst optimization; ligand; HYDRATION; gold; allenes; ETHERS; REACTION-MECHANISM; HYDROALKOXYLATION; CYCLOISOMERIZATION; ALKOXYLATION; counter anion; Alkynes
• ISSN: 1615-4150; 1615-4169
• DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201800233

The conversion of a variety of well‐known test reactions, representing the key reactivity patterns of gold catalysis, were analyzed by GC and 1H NMR. The study is focused on establishing of a strategical approach for the consideration of ligand influence and counter anion influence during the catalyst optimization including an industrial perspective. The study shows a dominance of the counter anion, a dominance which up to now has been neglected in most of the routine screenings. In addition, a drastic substrate‐dependency became obvious, even a marginal variation of the substrate already could strongly effect the catalytic activity and change the optimal counter anion or ligand. Based on the collected data a strategic concept for an efficient screening for a specific substrate is introduced, this concept can serve as an important guideline for catalyst optimization in homogeneous gold catalysis.