Inflammatory pathways in Alzheimer’s disease mediated by gut microbiota

• Published in: Ageing research reviews Vol. 68; p. 101317
• Main Authors: Qian, Xiao-hang, Song, Xiao-xuan, Liu, Xiao-li, Chen, Sheng-di, Tang, Hui-dong
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: England Elsevier B.V 01.07.2021
• Subjects: Alzheimer's disease; Gut Microbiota; Neuroinflammation; Systemic inflammation; Neuroinflammation; Alzheimer's disease; Gut Microbiota; Systemic inflammation
• ISSN: 1568-1637; 1872-9649
• DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2021.101317

•There is a close interaction between gut microbiota, immune system and Alzheimer's disease (AD).•The inherent structure and the metabolites of gut microbiota play a key k role in the regulation of AD through numerous inflammatory pathways.•Several intervention strategies through modifying the of gut microbiota are important potential treatments for AD. In the past decade, numerous studies have demonstrated the close relationship between gut microbiota and the occurrence and development of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). However, the specific mechanism is still unclear. Both the neuroinflammation and systemic inflammation serve as the key hubs to accelerate the process of AD by promoting pathology and damaging neuron. What's more, the gut microbiota is also crucial for the regulation of inflammation. Therefore, this review focused on the role of gut microbiota in AD through inflammatory pathways. Firstly, this review summarized the relationship and interaction among gut microbiota, inflammation, and AD. Secondly, the direct and indirect regulatory effects of gut microbiota on AD through inflammatory pathways were described. These effects were mainly mediated by the component of the gut microbiota (lipopolysaccharides (LPS) and amyloid peptides), the metabolites of bacteria (short-chain fatty acids, branched amino acids, and neurotransmitters) and functional by-products (bile acids). In addition, potential treatments (fecal microbiota transplantation, antibiotics, probiotics, prebiotics, and dietary interventions) for AD were also discussed through these mechanisms. Finally, according to the current research status, the key problems to be solved in the future studies were proposed.