A sensitive method for the determination of Sulfonamides in seawater samples by Solid Phase Extraction and UV–Visible spectrophotometry

• Published in: Spectrochimica acta. Part A, Molecular and biomolecular spectroscopy Vol. 181; pp. 276 - 285
• Main Authors: Errayess, Sophia Ait, Lahcen, Abdellatif Ait, Idrissi, Laila, Marcoaldi, Caterina, Chiavarini, Salvatore, Amine, Aziz
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: England Elsevier B.V 15.06.2017
• Subjects: Drug analysis; Limit of Detection; Pre-concentration; Seawater; Seawater - chemistry; Solid phase extraction; Solid Phase Extraction - methods; Spectrophotometric method; Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet - methods; Sulfonamides; Sulfonamides - analysis; Sulfonamides - chemistry; Sulfonamides - isolation & purification; Water Pollutants, Chemical - analysis; Water Pollutants, Chemical - chemistry; Water Pollutants, Chemical - isolation & purification; Spectrophotometric method; Solid phase extraction; Sulfonamides; Drug analysis; Pre-concentration; Seawater
• ISSN: 1386-1425; 1873-3557
• DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2017.03.061

The authors have developed a sensitive spectrophotometric method for determination of sulfonamide derivatives such as sulfanilamide (SAA), sulfadiazine (SDZ), sulfacetamide (SCT) sulfamethoxazole (SMX), sulfamerazine (SMR), sulfadimethoxine (SDX), sulfamethiazole (SMT) and Sulfathiazole (STZ). This method is based on the Bratton-Marshall reaction, which involves the diazotization of sulfonamides with sodium nitrite under acidic conditions, followed by coupling with N-(1-naphtyl) ethylenediamine dihydrochloride (NED) to form a pink colored compound. Therefore, the Bratton-Marshall method was modified by optimizing the reaction conditions, which allows us to determine a low concentration range of sulfonamides compared to the reported methods. The limits of detection and quantification obtained were 0.019–0.05 and 0.06–0.16μgmL−1, respectively. In comparison with other reported methods using different coupling agents, the proposed method was found to be the most simple and sensitive for sulfonamides determination. In this paper, the modified method was successfully employed for the determination of sulfonamides in drinking water, seawater and pharmaceutical and veterinary formulations. The purpose of this work is to optimize and develop a simple method for extraction and concentration of sulfonamides present as residues in seawater and their quantification with the recommended spectrophotometric method. Solid phase extraction (SPE) of sulfonamides from seawater samples was evaluated using Oasis HLB cartridges (3mL, 540mg). The recovery efficiency was investigated in the sulfonamides concentration range comprised between 0.19 and 126ngmL−1. The ease of use of this extraction method makes it very useful for routine laboratory work. Schematic illustration of the principal assay for sulfonamides determination from seawater using SPE and UV–Visible spectrophotometry. [Display omitted] •Spectrophotometric method was developed for the determination of eight SNs.•The developed method is simple, accurate, and showed a low detection limit.•Successfully applied for SNs determination in environmental water and drug samples.•SPE-Spectrophotometric method was developed & performed on complex seawater matrix.•Comparison of the proposed SPE-Spectrophotometric method with UPLC-MS technique.