A holistic review on the recent trends, advances, and challenges for high-precision room temperature liquefied petroleum gas sensors

• Published in: Analytica chimica acta Vol. 1253; p. 341033
• Main Authors: Tladi, B.C., Kroon, R.E., Swart, H.C., Motaung, D.E.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Netherlands Elsevier B.V 01.05.2023
• Subjects: Chemiresistor gas sensors; Gas sensing performance; Graphene; Heterostructures; Liquefied petroleum gas; Polymer; Semiconductor metal oxides; Gas sensing performance; Graphene; Semiconductor metal oxides; Liquefied petroleum gas; Chemiresistor gas sensors; Polymer; Heterostructures
• ISSN: 0003-2670; 1873-4324
• DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2023.341033

Liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), which is mainly composed of hydrocarbons, such as propane and butane, is a flammable gas that is considered a clean source of energy. Currently, the overwhelming use of LPG as fuel in vehicles, domestic settings, and industry has led to several incidents and deaths globally due to leakage. As a result, the appropriate detection of LPG is vital; thus, gas-sensing devices that can monitor this gas rapidly and accurately at room temperature, are required. This work reviews the current advances in LPG gas sensors, which operate at room temperature. The influences of the synthesis methods and parameters, doping, and use of catalysts on the sensing performance are discussed. The formation of heterostructures made from semiconducting metal oxides, polymers, and graphene-based materials, which enhance the sensor selectivity and sensitivity, is also discussed. The future trends and challenges confronted in the advancement of LPG room temperature operational gas sensors, and critical ideas concerning the future evolution of LPG gas sensors, are deliberated. Additionally, the advancements in the next-generation gas sensors, such as the wireless detection of LPG leakage, self-powered sensors driven by triboelectric/piezoelectric mechanisms, and artificial intelligent systems are also reviewed. This review further focuses on the use of smartphones to circumvent the use of costly instruments and paves the way for cost-efficient and portable monitoring of LPG. Finally, the approach of utilizing the Internet of Things (IoT) to detect/monitor the leakage of LPG has also been discussed, which will provide better alerts to the users and thus minimize the effects of leakages. [Display omitted] •Reviewed the current and future advances for room temperature LPG gas sensors.•Reviewed the enhancement of sensor parameters using various types of nanomaterials.•Summarized next-generation gas sensors like self-powered sensors, etc.•Reviewed the use of smartphones for cost-efficient and portable LPG monitoring.•Use of the Internet of Things to detect and monitor LPG leakage is discussed.