Ultra-high FRET efficiency NaGdF4: Tb3+-Rose Bengal biocompatible nanocomposite for X-ray excited photodynamic therapy application

• Published in: Biomaterials Vol. 184; pp. 31 - 40
• Main Authors: Zhang, Wenli, Zhang, Xiaofeng, Shen, Yingli, Shi, Feng, Song, Chaojun, Liu, Tianshuai, Gao, Peng, Lan, Bin, Liu, Miao, Wang, Sicheng, Fan, Li, Lu, Hongbing
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Elsevier Ltd 01.11.2018
• Subjects: Antitumor nanocomposite; Deep-seated tumor therapy; FRET; Rear-earth nanoparticles; X-ray excited photodynamic therapy; Deep-seated tumor therapy; X-ray excited photodynamic therapy; FRET; Rear-earth nanoparticles; Antitumor nanocomposite
• ISSN: 0142-9612; 1878-5905
• DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2018.09.001

The limitation of light penetration depth invalidates the application of photodynamic therapy in deep-seated tumors. X-ray excited photodynamic therapy (X-PDT), which is based on X-rays excited luminescent nanoparticles (XLNP), provides a new strategy for PDT in deep tissues. However, the high X-ray dosage used and non-specific cytotoxicity of the nanoparticle-photosensitizer nanocomposite (NPs-PS) hamper in-vivo X-PDT applications. To address these problems, a simple and efficient NPs-PS nanocomposite using β-NaGdF4: Tb3+ nanoparticles and widely used PS called Rose Bengal (RB) was designed. With perfectly matched spectrum of NPs emission and RB absorption upon X-ray excitation and covalent conjugation of a large amount of RB on NP surfaces to minimize the energy transfer distance, the system demonstrated ultra-high FRET efficiency up to 99.739%, which leads to maximum production of singlet oxygen for PDT with significantly increased anti-tumor efficacy. By 2-aminoethylphosphonic acid surface modification of NPs, excellent biocompatibility was achieved even at a high concentration of 1 mg/mL. The in-vivo X-PDT efficacy was found around 90% of HepG2 tumor growth inhibition with X-ray dose of only 1.5 Gy, which shows the best anti-tumor efficacy at same X-ray dose level reported so far. The present work provides a promising platform for in-vivo X-PDT in deep tumors. To address the efficacy and safety issues which current PDT faced on, increase light penetration depth to validate the clinical use in deep tissues, we designed a simple and efficient NaGdF4: Tb3+-Rose Bengal (NPs-RB) nanocomposite for in vivo X-ray excited PDT application, acquiring significant tumor growth inhibition in vivo with low X-ray dose, provided a promising platform for X-PDT in deep or large tumors. [Display omitted]