Isolation of Immunomodulatory Biopeptides from Atlantic Mackerel (Scomber scombrus) Protein Hydrolysate based on Molecular Weight, Charge, and Hydrophobicity

• Published in: Food and bioprocess technology Vol. 15; no. 4; pp. 852 - 874
• Main Authors: Abachi, Soheila, Offret, Clément, Fliss, Ismail, Marette, André, Bazinet, Laurent, Beaulieu, Lucie
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: New York Springer US 01.04.2022; Springer Nature B.V; Springer
• Subjects: Agriculture; Bioactive compounds; Biochemistry, Molecular Biology; Biological activity; Biomolecules; Biotechnology; Chemistry; Chemistry and Materials Science; Chemistry/Food Science; Chromatography; Electrodialysis; Food Science; Hydrolysates; Hydrophobicity; Immunomodulation; Inflammation; Life Sciences; Lipopolysaccharides; Mackerel; Macrophages; Metabolic disorders; Metabolic syndrome; Molecular weight; Nitric oxide; Original Research; Peptides; Scomber scombrus; Separation; Solid phases; Ultrafiltration; Anti-inflammatory; NOS/NO potentiating peptides; Pro-inflammatory
• ISSN: 1935-5130; 1935-5149
• DOI: 10.1007/s11947-022-02786-4

Biomolecules offering health effects on inflammation, as cause or effect of metabolic syndrome, are the subject of many research studies. Among different classes of marine and terrestrial bioactive compounds, fish-extracted biopeptides are of great importance since they have been proven to modulate inflammation in different experimental settings. The aim of this study was to fractionate and identify Atlantic mackerel ( Scomber scombrus ) peptide fractions with in vitro immunomodulatory activity in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated macrophages. Peptide fractions of mackerel were generated using solid phase extraction (SPE, a chromatographic technique), ultrafiltration (UF, a pressure driven separation technique), and electrodialysis with UF membrane (EDUF, an electrically driven separation technique) under various experimental pH conditions. Results suggested that the separation technique plays an important role in the isolation efficiency of immunomodulatory biopeptides. Hydrophobic (SPE isolated) and charged peptides (EDUF isolated), respectively, had anti-inflammation and pro-inflammation effects, while small size peptides (UF isolated) had no bioactivity. Hydrophobic fraction prevented the LPS-stimulated inflammation, non-cytotoxically, by about 17% at a concentration of 10 µg mL −1 in comparison with the positive control. Furthermore, anionic peptides of EDUF and pH3 as well as unprocessed mackerel hydrolysate induced the production of nitric oxide by about 27% demonstrating pro-inflammatory effects in comparison with the negative control. In conclusion, it is presumed that hydrophobicity and charge of a peptide could be rather important factors for immunomodulation activity of an Atlantic mackerel fraction.