Effect of Cobalt Doping on the Structural, Linear, and Nonlinear Optical Properties in Ba1−xCoxTiO3 Perovskites

• Published in: Journal of electronic materials Vol. 52; no. 5; pp. 3420 - 3430
• Main Authors: Lemziouka, H., Nekkach, F., Boutahar, A., Moubah, R., Omari, L. H., Filali, M., Rjeb, A., Lassri, H., Abid, M., Hlil, E. K., El Yazidi, M.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: New York Springer US 01.05.2023; Springer Nature B.V; Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
• Subjects: Acids; Barium titanates; Characterization and Evaluation of Materials; Chemistry and Materials Science; Crystal defects; Crystal structure; Crystallization; Doping; Electronics and Microelectronics; Instrumentation; Materials Science; Morphology; Nonlinear optics; Optical and Electronic Materials; Optical properties; Optics; Original Research Article; Parameters; Particle size; Perovskites; Physics; Refractivity; Scanning electron microscopy; Solid State Physics; X-ray diffraction; perovskites; linear and nonlinear optics; band gap energy; BaTiO; optoelectronics
• ISSN: 0361-5235; 1543-186X
• DOI: 10.1007/s11664-023-10311-2

The crystal structure, morphology, and linear and nonlinear optical properties of Co-doped Ba 1− x Co x TiO 3 ( x  = 0.00, 0.02, 0.03, 0.04, and 0.06) were investigated using x-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy, and UV–visible spectroscopy measurements. The XRD patterns confirmed that the Ba 1− x Co x TiO 3 samples crystallized in the perovskite phase, and a transition from quadratic to pseudo-cubic phase was observed with Co doping. Upon doping, the band gap ( E g ) decreased from 3.14  eV to 2.11 eV, indicating that Co doping into BaTiO 3 caused a change in their electronic levels associated with lattice defects. Additionally, the optical parameters including linear refractive index, extinction coefficient, dielectric coefficient, optical conductivity ( σ opt ), and the static index ( n 0 ) were extracted and linked to the Co content. Finally, analysis of the linear (LOp) and nonlinear optical (NLOp) parameters of Ba 1− x Co x TiO 3 revealed that the increase in Co content induces an increase in the NLOp refractive index ( n 2 ) and third-order NLOp susceptibility χ ( 3 ).