Extracellular vesicles-powered immunotherapy: Unleashing the potential for safer and more effective cancer treatment

• Published in: Archives of biochemistry and biophysics Vol. 756; p. 110022
• Main Authors: Tiwari, Pratiksha, Yadav, Krishna, Shukla, Ravi Prakash, Bakshi, Avijit Kumar, Panwar, Dilip, Das, Sweety, Mishra, Prabhat Ranjan
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States Elsevier Inc 01.06.2024
• Subjects: Animals; Cancer; Exosomes; Extracellular Vesicles; Humans; Immunotherapy; Immunotherapy - methods; Nanocarrier; Nanomedicine - methods; Neoplasms - immunology; Neoplasms - therapy; Targeting; Vaccine delivery; Nanocarrier; Targeting; Exosomes; Vaccine delivery; Immunotherapy; Cancer
• ISSN: 0003-9861; 1096-0384; 1096-0384
• DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2024.110022

Cancer treatment has seen significant advancements with the introduction of Onco-immunotherapies (OIMTs). Although some of these therapies have received approval for use, others are either undergoing testing or are still in the early stages of development. Challenges persist in making immunotherapy widely applicable to cancer treatment. To maximize the benefits of immunotherapy and minimize potential side effects, it's essential to improve response rates across different immunotherapy methods. A promising development in this area is the use of extracellular vesicles (EVs) as novel delivery systems. These small vesicles can effectively deliver immunotherapies, enhancing their effectiveness and reducing harmful side effects. This article discusses the importance of integrating nanomedicines into OIMTs, highlighting the challenges with current anti-OIMT methods. It also explores key considerations for designing nanomedicines tailored for OIMTs, aiming to improve upon existing immunotherapy techniques. Additionally, the article looks into innovative approaches like biomimicry and the use of natural biomaterial-based nanocarriers (NCs). These advancements have the potential to transform the delivery of immunotherapy. Lastly, the article addresses the challenges of moving OIMTs from theory to clinical practice, providing insights into the future of using advanced nanotechnology in cancer treatment. [Display omitted] •Extracellular vesicles (EVs) play significant role in cancer immunotherapy.•EVs facilitate the modulation of immune responses and shape the Tumor Microenvironment.•EVs as drug delivery vehicles could offer a promising approach to targeted therapy and reducing side effects.•Tumor-derived EVs can be used to deliver immunosuppressive substances into the surrounding tumor tissues.•It provides approaches and the challenges of translating Onco-immunotherapies from theory to clinical practice.