Recent progress in tissue optical clearing for spectroscopic application

• Published in: Spectrochimica acta. Part A, Molecular and biomolecular spectroscopy Vol. 197; pp. 216 - 229
• Main Authors: Sdobnov, A.Yu, Darvin, M.E., Genina, E.A., Bashkatov, A.N., Lademann, J., Tuchin, V.V.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: England Elsevier B.V 15.05.2018
• Subjects: Humans; Laser speckle contrast imaging; Microscopy, Confocal - methods; Multiphoton microscopy; Optical clearing agent; Optical coherence tomography; Optical Imaging - methods; Raman microscopy; Raman spectroscopy; Skin; Skin - diagnostic imaging; Spectrum Analysis, Raman - methods; Tissue; Tomography, Optical Coherence - methods; CARS; FSOCA; OCT; RS; Raman microscopy; Optical coherence tomography; DMSO; MRI; FPT; MPM; LSCI; Multiphoton microscopy; SC; Tissue; RBC; SHG; OC; TDE; Optical clearing agent; Hb; CLSM; LSTCA; US; LSSCA; PBS; BABB; CM; TPEAF; OCA; Raman spectroscopy; PEG; SERRS; SERS; NIR; Laser speckle contrast imaging; Skin; CRM
• ISSN: 1386-1425; 1873-3557
• DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2018.01.085

This paper aims to review recent progress in optical clearing of the skin and over naturally turbid biological tissues and blood using this technique in vivo and in vitro with multiphoton microscopy, confocal Raman microscopy, confocal microscopy, NIR spectroscopy, optical coherence tomography, and laser speckle contrast imaging. Basic principles of the technique, its safety, advantages and limitations are discussed. The application of optical clearing agent on a tissue allows for controlling the optical properties of tissue. Optical clearing-induced reduction of tissue scattering significantly facilitates the observation of deep-located tissue regions, at the same time improving the resolution and image contrast for a variety of optical imaging methods suitable for clinical applications, such as diagnostics and laser treatment of skin diseases, mucosal tumor imaging, laser disruption of pathological abnormalities, etc. This paper aims to review recent progress in optical clearing of the skin and over naturally turbid biological tissues and blood using this technique in vivo and in vitro with multiphoton microscopy, confocal Raman microscopy, confocal microscopy, NIR spectroscopy, optical coherence tomography, and laser speckle contrast imaging. Basic principles of the technique, its safety, advantages and limitations are discussed. Structural images of different skin layers obtained ex vivo for porcine ear skin samples at application of Omnipaque™ and glycerol solutions during 60min. Red color corresponds to TPEAF signal channel. Green color corresponds to SHG signal channel. [Display omitted] •In this review, the progress in optical clearing for multiphoton microscopy, Raman microscopy, NIR spectroscopy, confocal microscopy, optical coherence tomography, and speckle contrast imaging has been described in detail.•The physical, molecular and physiological mechanisms of optical clearing have been described.•Future perspectives of using optical clearing was discussed.