Association of dietary patterns and risk of cardiovascular disease events in the MASHAD cohort study

• Published in: Journal of human nutrition and dietetics Vol. 32; no. 6; pp. 789 - 801
• Main Authors: Asadi, Z., Shafiee, M., Sadabadi, F., Heidari‐Bakavoli, A., Moohebati, M., Khorrami, M. S., Darroudi, S., Heidari, S., Hoori, T., Tayefi, M., Mohammadi, F., Esmaeily, H., Safarian, M., Ghayour‐Mobarhan, M., Ferns, G. A.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: England Blackwell Publishing Ltd 01.12.2019
• Subjects: Adults; Beverages; Carbonated beverages; Carbonation; Cardiovascular disease; Cardiovascular diseases; Cohort analysis; Confidence intervals; Dairy products; Diet; Dietary intake; dietary patterns; Factor analysis; Fast food; Health risk assessment; Health risks; Heart diseases; Legumes; Meat; Men; Nuts; Organs; Potatoes; Risk; Seafood; Tea; Vegetables; Western dietary pattern; factor analysis; cardiovascular diseases; Western dietary pattern; dietary patterns
• ISSN: 0952-3871; 1365-277X
• DOI: 10.1111/jhn.12669

Background Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the principal cause of mortality and disability in Iranian adults. We aimed to evaluate the relationship between dietary patterns and CVD incidence in a large sample of adults in northeastern Iran. Methods The present study comprised a prospective study of 5706 CVD‐free men and women aged 35–65 years who participated in a cohort study. All of the participants were followed up for a 6‐year period. Dietary patterns were derived from a 65‐item validated food frequency questionnaire and the factor analysis method was used to determine dietary patterns. Results We identified two major dietary patterns: (i) a Balanced dietary pattern (a high intake of green leafy vegetables, other vegetables, fruits, dairy products, red meats, poultry, seafoods, legumes and nuts, as well as a low intake of sugar) and (ii) a Western dietary pattern (a high intake of sugar, tea, egg, snacks, fast foods, potato, carbonated beverages, pickled foods, organs meat and butter) by factor analysis. The hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of total CVD in the highest versus lowest tertiles of the Balanced pattern were 1.29 (95% CI = 0.67–2.47; P = 0.44). The HR and 95% CIs of CVD in the highest versus lowest tertiles of Western pattern were 2.21 (95% CI = 1.08–4.45; P = 0.03). Conclusions During the 6‐year follow‐up, we found that adherence to a Balanced dietary pattern was not significantly associated with CVD events. However, adherence to a Western dietary pattern was associated with a significantly increased risk of CVD events and its associated risk.