Leadless multisite pacing: A feasibility study using wireless power transfer based on Langendorff rodent heart models

• Published in: Journal of cardiovascular electrophysiology Vol. 29; no. 11; pp. 1588 - 1593
• Main Authors: Lyu, Hongming, John, Mathews, Burkland, David, Greet, Brian, Xi, Yutao, Sampaio, Luiz C., Taylor, Doris A., Babakhani, Aydin, Razavi, Mehdi
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States Wiley Subscription Services, Inc 01.11.2018
• Subjects: Animal models; cardiac resynchronization therapy; Complications; Energy transfer; Feasibility studies; Form factors; Heart; leadless pacemaker; multipoint pacing; Nodes; Pacemakers; Ventricle; wireless power transfer; leadless pacemaker; multipoint pacing; wireless power transfer; cardiac resynchronization therapy
• ISSN: 1045-3873; 1540-8167
• DOI: 10.1111/jce.13738

Introduction Fifteen to thirty percent of patients with impaired cardiac function have ventricular dyssynchrony and warrant cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT). While leadless pacemakers eliminate lead‐related complications, their current form factor is limited to single‐chamber pacing. In this study, we demonstrate the feasibility of multisite, simultaneous pacing using miniaturized pacing nodes powered through wireless power transfer (WPT). Methods A wireless energy transfer system was developed based on resonant coupling at approximately 200 MHz to power multiple pacing nodes. The pacing node comprises circuitry to efficiently convert the harvested energy to output stimuli. To validate the use of these pacing nodes, ex vivo studies were carried out on Langendorff rodent heart models (n = 4). To mimic biventricular pacing, two beating Langendorff rodent heart models, kept 10 cm apart, were paced using two distinct pacing nodes, each attached on the ventricular epicardial surface of a given heart. Results All ex vivo Langendorff heart models were successfully paced with a simple coil antenna at 2 to 3 cm from the pacing node. The coil was operated at 198 MHz and 0.3 W. Subsequently, simultaneous pacing of two Langendorff heart models 30 cm apart using an output power of 5 W was reliably demonstrated. Conclusion WPT provides a feasible option for multisite, wireless cardiac pacing. While the current system remains limited in design, it offers support and a conceptual framework for future iterations and eventual clinical utility.