Raynaud's phenomenon and the possible use of foods

• Published in: Journal of food science Vol. 70; no. 4; pp. R67 - R75
• Main Authors: Wright, C.I, Kroner, C.I, Draijer, R
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Oxford, UK Blackwell Publishing Ltd 01.05.2005; Institute of Food Technologists; Wiley Subscription Services, Inc
• Subjects: Biological and medical sciences; blood flow; Blood vessels; carnitine; Diet; diet therapy; dietary intervention; disease prevalence; evening primrose oil; fish oils; Food industries; functional foods; Functional foods & nutraceuticals; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology; garlic; Ginkgo biloba; herbal medicines; inositol nicotinate; literature reviews; mechanism of action; nutraceutical; Raynaud's; Raynaud's Phenomenon; risk factors; skin; skin temperature; vascular constriction; vascular diseases; functional foods; vascular constriction; Health food; Use; nutraceutical; Raynaud's; dietary intervention
• ISSN: 0022-1147; 1750-3841
• DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2621.2005.tb07196.x

In this article we focus on the possible use of foods to alleviate Raynaud's phenomenon (RP). RP is evoked, predominately, by cold and results in a potent vascular constriction of the microvascular blood vessels in the hands, thus leading to reduced hand blood flow and the elevation of pain sensation. To alleviate RP by diet, food components need to be able to promote hand skin blood flow, which may be achieved using fish oil, garlic, ginkgo biloba, L-carnitine, or inositol nicotinate, or to increase hand skin temperature, using evening primrose oil, ginkgo biloba, or inositol nicotinate. Although there are a number of studies documenting such improvements with these ingredients, they often are poorly designed. Hence, there is a need for more controlled studies to substantiate their use, but also to test alternative foods or target new ones. Therefore, we also discuss some alternate food options and briefly outline clinical drugs for the treatment of RP, as their mechanisms of action may also be possible targets for food. It is the intention of this article to address the research needs of this field and to provide a better understanding of alternative options for those with RP.