Evaluation of halitosis parameters in patients undergoing head and neck radiotherapy

• Published in: Oral diseases Vol. 29; no. 4; pp. 1836 - 1844
• Main Authors: Maluf, Gustavo Valerio, Caldas, Rogério Jardim, Fregnani, Eduardo Rodrigues, Antunes, Héliton Spindola, Tobias, Matheus Augusto Siscotto, Silva Santos, Paulo Sérgio
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Denmark Wiley Subscription Services, Inc 01.05.2023
• Subjects: asialia; Biofilms; Cross-Sectional Studies; Halitosis; Halitosis - etiology; Head & neck cancer; head and neck neoplasms; Humans; Hydrogen Sulfide; Methanethiol; Oral hygiene; oral tongue; Radiation therapy; Saliva; Salivary gland; Sulfhydryl Compounds; Sulfur Compounds; Tongue; Xerostomia - etiology; head and neck neoplasms; saliva; oral tongue; asialia; radiation therapy; halitosis
• ISSN: 1354-523X; 1601-0825; 1601-0825
• DOI: 10.1111/odi.14225

Objectives To assess halitosis parameters using OralChroma™ and the correlation with salivary flow, oral hygiene index, radiation dose, and tongue‐coating index among irradiated head and neck cancer patients compared to patients without cancer. Materials and Methods This cross‐sectional study enrolled irradiated and non‐irradiated patients divided into two groups. Hydrogen sulfide, methyl mercaptan, and dimethyl sulfide (DMS) levels were measured using a gas chromatograph, and sialometry was performed. The tongue‐coating index and simplified oral hygiene index were also assessed. Results Thirty‐eight patients were allocated to each group. Volatile sulfur compound levels were above the thresholds in both groups. Non‐irradiated individuals showed higher levels of hydrogen sulfide and dimethyl sulfide. Patients with asialia had an inexpressive tongue‐coating index and increased dimethyl sulfide levels. A decrease in salivary flow rate was followed by a significant increase in volatile sulfur compound levels. Higher doses of radiation to the submandibular salivary glands were associated with higher concentrations of sulfide and methyl mercaptan. Conclusions Head and neck radiotherapy may be important in the development of halitosis. Irradiated patients with asialia presented insignificant lingual biofilm. Consequently, lower levels of volatile sulfur compounds were detected in this group. Asialia, a severe radiation‐induced hyposalivation, impacted the levels of DMS (extraoral origin).