Machine learning model to predict recurrent ulcer bleeding in patients with history of idiopathic gastroduodenal ulcer bleeding

• Published in: Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics Vol. 49; no. 7; pp. 912 - 918
• Main Authors: Wong, Grace Lai‐Hung, Ma, Andy Jinhua, Deng, Huiqi, Ching, Jessica Yuet‐Ling, Wong, Vincent Wai‐Sun, Tse, Yee‐Kit, Yip, Terry Cheuk‐Fung, Lau, Louis Ho‐Shing, Liu, Henry Hin‐Wai, Leung, Chi‐Man, Tsang, Steven Woon‐Choy, Chan, Chun‐Wing, Lau, James Yun‐Wong, Yuen, Pong‐Chi, Chan, Francis Ka‐Leung
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: England Wiley Subscription Services, Inc 01.04.2019
• Subjects: Adult; Aged; Artificial intelligence; Bleeding; Cohort Studies; Duodenal Ulcer - diagnosis; Duodenal Ulcer - epidemiology; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Gastrointestinal diseases; Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage - diagnosis; Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage - epidemiology; Health risk assessment; Helicobacter Infections - diagnosis; Helicobacter Infections - epidemiology; Helicobacter pylori; Hemoglobin; Humans; Learning algorithms; Machine Learning; Male; Middle Aged; Population studies; Prospective Studies; Recurrence; Retrospective Studies; Stomach Ulcer - diagnosis; Stomach Ulcer - epidemiology; Ulcers
• ISSN: 0269-2813; 1365-2036; 1365-2036
• DOI: 10.1111/apt.15145

Summary Background Patients with a history of Helicobacter pylori–negative idiopathic bleeding ulcers have an increased risk of recurring ulcer complications. Aim To build a machine learning model to identify patients at high risk for recurrent ulcer bleeding. Methods Data from a retrospective cohort of 22 854 patients (training cohort) diagnosed with peptic ulcer disease in 2007‐2016 were analysed to build a model (IPU‐ML) to predict recurrent ulcer bleeding. We tested the IPU‐ML in all patients with a diagnosis of gastrointestinal bleeding (n = 1265) in 2008‐2015 from a different catchment population (independent validation cohort). Any co‐morbid conditions which had occurred in >1% of study population were eligible as predictors. Results Recurrent ulcer bleeding developed in 4772 patients (19.5%) in the training cohort, during a median follow‐up period of 2.7 years. IPU‐ML model built on six parameters (age, baseline haemoglobin, and presence of gastric ulcer, gastrointestinal diseases, malignancies, and infections) identified patients with bleeding recurrence within 1 year with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) of 0.648. When we set the IPU‐ML cutoff value at 0.20, 27.5% of patients were classified as high risk for rebleeding with a sensitivity of 41.4%, specificity of 74.6%, and a negative predictive value of 91.1%. In the validation cohort, the IPU‐ML identified patients with a recurrence ulcer bleeding within 1 year with an AUROC of 0.775, and 84.3% of overall accuracy. Conclusion We developed a machine‐learning model to identify those patients with a history of idiopathic gastroduodenal ulcer bleeding who are not at high risk for recurrent ulcer bleeding.