Mitochondrial genome variations, mitochondrial‐nuclear compatibility, and their association with metabolic diseases

Two genomes regulate the energy metabolism of eukaryotic cells: the nuclear genome, which codes for most cellular proteins, and the mitochondrial genome, which, together with the nuclear genome, coregulates cellular bioenergetics. Therefore, mitochondrial genome variations can affect, directly or in...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Published inObesity (Silver Spring, Md.) Vol. 30; no. 6; pp. 1156 - 1169
Main Authors Ludwig‐Słomczyńska, Agnieszka H., Rehm, Markus
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published United States Blackwell Publishing Ltd 01.06.2022
Subjects
Bioenergetics
Codes
Cytochrome
Energy
Genomes
Localization
Metabolic disorders
Metabolites
Mitochondria
Mitochondrial DNA
Mutation
Phosphorylation
Polypeptides
Proteins
RNA polymerase
Transfer RNA
Online AccessGet full text

Cover

More Information
Summary:Two genomes regulate the energy metabolism of eukaryotic cells: the nuclear genome, which codes for most cellular proteins, and the mitochondrial genome, which, together with the nuclear genome, coregulates cellular bioenergetics. Therefore, mitochondrial genome variations can affect, directly or indirectly, all energy‐dependent cellular processes and shape the metabolic state of the organism. This review provides a current and up‐to‐date overview on how codependent these two genomes are, how they appear to have coevolved, and how variations within the mitochondrial genome might be associated with the manifestation of metabolic diseases. This review summarizes and structures results obtained from epidemiological studies that identified links between mitochondrial haplogroups and individual risks for developing obesity and diabetes. This is complemented by findings on the compatibility of mitochondrial and nuclear genomes and cellular bioenergetic fitness, which have been acquired from well‐controlled studies in conplastic animal models. These elucidate, more mechanistically, how single‐nucleotide variants can influence cellular metabolism and physiology. Overall, it seems that certain mitochondrial genome variations negatively affect mitochondrial‐nuclear compatibility and are statistically linked with the onset of metabolic diseases, whereas, for others, greater uncertainty exists, and additional research into this exciting field is required.
Bibliography:Funding information
The study was funded by the Polish Diabetes Association through “Mitochondria in metabolic diseases—the role in obesity” grant (to ALS). MR receives funding from the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) under Germany’s Excellence Strategy (EXC 2075) 390740016, through DFG grants MO 3226/1‐1 and MO 3226/4‐1, and by the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program (grant agreement #766069 GLIO‐TRAIN).
ObjectType-Article-2
SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1
ObjectType-Feature-3
content type line 23
ObjectType-Review-1
ISSN:1930-7381
1930-739X
DOI:10.1002/oby.23424