Generating spiral gradient waveforms with a compact frequency spectrum

• Published in: Magnetic resonance in medicine Vol. 87; no. 2; pp. 791 - 799
• Main Authors: Pipe, James G., Borup, Daniel D.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States Wiley Subscription Services, Inc 01.02.2022
• Subjects: Algorithms; Error reduction; Frequency spectrum; gradient transfer function; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Numerical analysis; Phantoms, Imaging; rapid MRI; Robustness (mathematics); spiral MRI; Wave attenuation; Waveforms; gradient transfer function; spiral MRI; rapid MRI
• ISSN: 0740-3194; 1522-2594
• DOI: 10.1002/mrm.28993

Purpose To generate efficient gradient waveforms for spiral MRI which mitigate the high‐frequency attenuation inherent in gradient systems. Theory and Methods Spiral MRI has many clinical advantages, including high temporal and SNR efficiency. One of the challenges for robust spiral MRI is a high sensitivity to imperfections in the gradient system, which requires some form of correction in order to map data correctly in k‐space. A previous numerical algorithm for generating spiral gradient waveforms was modified to reduce its high‐frequency content with minimal increase in waveform duration. Results Examples are shown of compact frequency gradient waveforms. Software implementing the algorithm is made available. Conclusion An algorithm to produce gradient waveforms with a compact frequency spectrum is described. This algorithm results in greatly reduced overall error and better compatibility with gradient systems than the original algorithm from which it was derived.