PGAP3‐related hyperphosphatasia with mental retardation syndrome: Report of 10 new patients and a homozygous founder mutation

• Published in: Clinical genetics Vol. 93; no. 1; pp. 84 - 91
• Main Authors: Abdel‐Hamid, M.S., Issa, M.Y., Otaify, G.A., Abdel‐Ghafar, S.F., Elbendary, H.M., Zaki, M.S.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Oxford, UK Blackwell Publishing Ltd 01.01.2018
• Subjects: Abnormalities, Multiple - genetics; Abnormalities, Multiple - pathology; Alkaline phosphatase; Base Sequence; Cerebellum; Cleft lip/palate; Consanguinity; Coronary artery disease; Corpus callosum; Egypt; Family Health; Female; Founder Effect; founder mutation; Genetic Predisposition to Disease - genetics; Genetic screening; glycosylphosphatidylinositol; Heart diseases; Homozygote; Humans; Hyperphosphatasia; Hypoplasia; Intellectual disabilities; Intellectual Disability - genetics; Intellectual Disability - pathology; Mabry syndrome; Male; mental retardation; Microencephaly; Mutation; Pedigree; PGAP3 gene; Phenotype; Phosphorus Metabolism Disorders - genetics; Phosphorus Metabolism Disorders - pathology; Receptors, Cell Surface - genetics; Seizures; Sequence Analysis, DNA - methods; Teeth; Egypt; hyperphosphatasia; Mabry syndrome; mental retardation; glycosylphosphatidylinositol; PGAP3 gene; founder mutation
• ISSN: 0009-9163; 1399-0004
• DOI: 10.1111/cge.13033

Background Hyperphosphatasia with mental retardation syndrome (HPMRS) is caused by recessive mutations in genes involved in the glycosylphosphatidylinsitol pathway, including PGAP3. Materials and Methods We describe 10 patients from 8 Egyptian families presenting with developmental delay, severe intellectual disability, distinct facial dysmorphism and increased alkaline phosphatase. Sanger sequencing of PGAP3 was performed. Results Eight patients had cleft palate, 4 had postnatal microcephaly and 5 had seizures. Neuro‐imaging findings showed thin corpus callosum in 9 patients, mild ventriculomegaly in 3 patients and variable degrees of cerebellar vermis hypoplasia in 4 patients, a finding not previously reported in patients with HPMRS. Additional manifestations included double row teeth, hypogenitalism and congenital heart disease. Biallelic loss of function mutations in the PGAP3 gene were detected in all patients. Nine patients were homozygous for the c.402dupC (p.M135Hfs*28) mutation strongly suggesting a founder effect. On the other hand, 1 patient had a novel mutation, c.817_820delGACT (p.D273Sfs*37). Conclusion This is the largest series of patients with HPMRS from same ethnic group. Our results reinforce the distinct clinical and facial features of PGAP3‐related HPMRS which are the clue for targeted genetic testing. Moreover, we present additional unreported clinical and neuro‐imaging findings and a novel mutation thus expanding the phenotypic and mutational spectrum of this rare disorder.