Plant evolution overwhelms geographical origin in shaping rhizosphere fungi across latitudes

• Published in: Global change biology Vol. 27; no. 16; pp. 3911 - 3922
• Main Authors: Wei, Chunqiang, Gao, Lunlun, Tang, Xuefei, Lu, Xinmin
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: England Blackwell Publishing Ltd 01.08.2021
• Subjects: Abiotic factors; beta diversity; Biodiversity; Biogeography; Biota; Composition; Evolution; Fungi; Greenhouses; Indigenous plants; Indigenous species; Introduced species; Invasions; Invasive plants; Invasive species; latitudinal gradient; Nonnative species; Pathogens; Phylogeny; plant invasions; plant phylogeny; plant–soil interaction; rapid adaptation; Relative abundance; Rhizosphere; Soil; Soil dynamics; soil fungal community; Soil microorganisms; Soils; Spatial variations; Surveying; beta diversity; rapid adaptation; plant phylogeny; soil fungal community; plant-soil interaction; latitudinal gradient; plant invasions
• ISSN: 1354-1013; 1365-2486
• DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15683

As the number of non‐native invasive species in the world is increasing, there is a pressing need to understand the effects of invasive species on recipient biotic communities to improve our ability to migrate or relieve their potential negative effects on biodiversity and ecosystem functions. Plant invasions have been shown to impose great threats to aboveground biotic communities; however, invasive impacts on soil biota remain ambiguous, partially because of the paucity of studies with a large number of species across biogeographic gradients. Here, we characterized rhizosphere fungal communities of 53 native and invasive plants spanning approximately 1800 km in China, as well as eight pairs of phylogenetically related native versus invasive plants in a greenhouse experiment. The results of both field survey and greenhouse experiment showed that rhizosphere fungal composition was primarily predicted by plant phylogeny (e.g. family and species), and plant geographic origin (native vs. invasive) and abiotic factors had much smaller effects. We detected no differences in the number and relative abundance of total and family/species‐specific OTUs (i.e. overall, pathogens and mutualists) associated with these native and invasive plants on average, suggesting novel co‐evolution between native soil fungi and these invasive plants. These results suggest that non‐native plant invasions had only a weak impact on soil fungi, partially due to stronger controls of plant evolution on rhizosphere fungi and adaptation of native fungi to these invasive species. Interestingly, rhizosphere fungal composition was more variable between invasive plants than between native plants at middle latitudes, potentially creating spatial variations in plant–soil interactions and, in turn, invasion dynamics. These novel findings highlight the importance of integrating phylogenetic and biogeographical approaches to explore invasive effects on native biota. Plant invasions have been shown to impose great threats to aboveground biotic communities; however, invasive impacts on soil biota remain ambiguous. By first integrating phylogenetic and biogeographical approaches and combining observational and experimental studies, we show that plant invasions had a weak impact on the soil fungi, partially due to stronger controls of plant evolution on rhizosphere fungi and rapid adaptation of native fungi to these invasive species. Moreover, rhizosphere fungal composition was more variable between invasive plants than between native plants at middle latitudes, potentially creating spatial variations in plant‐soil interactions and in turn invasion dynamics.