Immunological profile of teeth with inflammatory periapical disease from chronic liver disease patients

• Published in: International endodontic journal Vol. 52; no. 2; pp. 149 - 157
• Main Authors: Braga Diniz, J. M., Espaladori, M. C., Souza e Silva, M. E., Brito, L. C. N., Vieira, L. Q., Ribeiro Sobrinho, A. P.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: England Wiley Subscription Services, Inc 01.02.2019
• Subjects: Angiogenesis; angiogenic factors; Chemokines; Cytokines; Dental pulp; Dentistry; Drying; Endodontics; Gene expression; Immune response; Interferon; Liver diseases; liver transplant; Liver transplants; Monocyte chemoattractant protein 1; periapical disease; Root canals; Teeth; Tumor necrosis factor; Tumor necrosis factor-TNF; Tumors; Vascular endothelial growth factor; endodontics; periapical disease; angiogenic factors; cytokines; liver transplant
• ISSN: 0143-2885; 1365-2591
• DOI: 10.1111/iej.12992

Aim To evaluate the mRNA expression levels of the cytokines interferon‐γ, tumour necrosis factor‐α, interleukin (IL)‐1β, IL‐10, IL‐6, VEGF, and AGT and the chemokine CCL2/MCP‐1 in periapical interstitial fluid associated with root canal infections before and after the reduction of the bacterial load using a cleaning procedure. Methodology The case group included 11 patients with chronic liver disease, and the control group included 11 healthy patients. Clinical samples were taken from teeth with pulp necrosis. After cleaning and drying the canal, three paper points were introduced into the root canal and passed through the root apex (2 mm) into the periapical tissues for 1 min. The samples were collected immediately after root canal cleaning and 7 days later to characterize those gene expression levels using real‐time PCR. The data were subjected to the Shapiro–Wilk and the Wilcoxon tests. Results In the control group, significantly increased expression of the pro‐inflammatory cytokines IFN‐γ and TNF‐α was observed in teeth with restrained bacterial loads (day 7) (P < 0.05). Similarly, increased TNF‐α expression was found on day 7 in the liver group (P < 0.05). No differences were observed in the expression levels of the IL‐1β, IL‐10 and, IL‐6, MCP‐1/CCL‐2 and VEGF between the first collection (day 0) and second collection (day 7), over time in either group. Conclusion Chronic liver disease patients exhibited sufficient immunologic ability showing relatively similar expression levels of cytokines, chemokines and angiogenic factors in periapical samples compared with the responses from no‐chronic liver disease patients. The outcomes of this study suggest that liver impairment did not compromise the periapical immune response.