Foetal and childhood exposure to famine and the risks of cardiometabolic conditions in adulthood: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of observational studies

• Published in: Obesity reviews Vol. 21; no. 5; pp. e12981 - n/a
• Main Authors: Hidayat, Khemayanto, Du, Xuan, Shi, Bi‐Min, Qin, Li‐Qiang
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: England Wiley Subscription Services, Inc 01.05.2020
• Subjects: Adult; Body mass; Body mass index; Body size; Body weight; Cardiometabolic Risk Factors; Cardiovascular disease; Cardiovascular diseases; Cardiovascular Diseases - epidemiology; Child; Child, Preschool; childhood; Children; China - epidemiology; Coronary artery disease; developmental origins; Diabetes mellitus; Diabetes mellitus (non-insulin dependent); Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - epidemiology; Dyslipidemia; Exposure; Famine; Famine - statistics & numerical data; Fatty liver; Female; Health risks; Heart diseases; Humans; Hyperglycemia; Hypertension; Infant; Infant, Newborn; lipids; Liver diseases; Male; Meta-analysis; Metabolic disorders; Metabolic syndrome; Metabolic Syndrome - epidemiology; Obesity; Observational studies; Observational Studies as Topic; Overweight; Physical activity; Pregnancy; prenatal; Prenatal exposure; Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects; Risk Factors; Stroke; Systematic review; undernutrition; China; metabolic syndrome; lipids; childhood; famine; prenatal; undernutrition; developmental origins; diabetes mellitus; hypertension; obesity
• ISSN: 1467-7881; 1467-789X
• DOI: 10.1111/obr.12981

Summary A systematic review and meta‐analysis of observational studies was performed to provide a deeper understanding of the associations between foetal and childhood exposure to famine and the risks of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), metabolic syndrome, hypertension, hyperglycaemia, dyslipidaemia, obesity, overweight, coronary heart disease, stroke, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in adulthood. Both foetal and childhood exposure to famine were positively associated with the risks of T2DM (foetal exposure: RR 1.37, 95% CI, 1.23‐1.52; childhood exposure: RR 1.33, 95% CI, 1.08‐1.64), metabolic syndrome (RR 1.26, 95% CI, 1.07‐1.50; RR 1.24, 95% CI, 1.13‐1.35), hypertension (RR 1.30, 95% CI, 1.07‐1.57; RR 1.33, 95% CI, 1.02‐1.74), hyperglycaemia (RR 1.27, 95% CI, 1.11‐1.45; RR 1.25, 95% CI, 1.10‐1.42), dyslipidaemia (RR 1.48, 95% CI, 1.33‐1.66; RR 1.27, 95% CI, 1.12‐1.45), obesity (RR 1.19, 95% CI, 1.02‐1.39; RR 1.13, 95% CI, 1.00‐1.28), overweight (RR 1.17, 95% CI, 1.07‐1.29; RR 1.07, 95% CI, 1.00‐1.14), coronary heart disease (RR 1.22, 95% CI, 1.00‐1.51; RR 1.21, 95% CI, 1.09‐1.35), and moderate‐to‐severe NAFLD (RR 1.66, 95% CI, 1.07‐2.57; RR 1.68, 95% CI, 1.41‐1.99) in adulthood. No association was observed for the risks of stroke or mild NAFLD. Adjustments for age, alcohol, smoking, body mass index, and physical activity nullified some associations. The associations were generally stronger in women than in men. In summary, foetal and childhood exposure to famine may confer greater risks of developing certain cardiometabolic conditions in adulthood, particularly in women. The extent to which risks for cardiometabolic conditions are associated with early‐life famine appears to be determined by certain factors in adulthood.