Inference of a compact representation of sensor fingerprint for source camera identification

• Published in: Pattern recognition Vol. 74; pp. 556 - 567
• Main Authors: Li, Ruizhe, Li, Chang-Tsun, Guan, Yu
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Elsevier Ltd 01.02.2018
• Subjects: Image forensics; PCA de-noising; Sensor pattern noise (SPN); Source camera identification (SCI); Sensor pattern noise (SPN); Image forensics; PCA de-noising; Source camera identification (SCI)
• ISSN: 0031-3203; 1873-5142
• DOI: 10.1016/j.patcog.2017.09.027

•An effective framework for de-noising and compressing sensor pattern noise (a form of device fingerprint) is proposed.•A compact and discriminative representation can be obtained directly from a high-dimensional SPN.•A novel training set construction method is designed to minimize the impact of various interfering artifacts in training samples.•The proposed methods can be used as a post-processing framework applied after any SPN extraction methods for effective source camera identification. Sensor pattern noise (SPN) is an inherent fingerprint of imaging devices, which provides an effective way for source camera identification (SCI). Although SPNs extracted from large image blocks usually yield high identification accuracy, their high dimensionality would incur a high computational cost in the matching stage, consequently hindering many applications that require efficient camera matchings. In this work, we employ and evaluate the concept of principal component analysis (PCA) de-noising in SCI tasks. Based on this concept, we present a framework that formulates a compact SPN representation. To enhance the de-noising effect, we introduce a training set construction procedure that minimizes the impact of various interfering artifacts, which is especially useful in some challenging cases, e.g., when only textured reference images are available. To further boost the SCI performance, a novel approach based on linear discriminant analysis (LDA) is adopted to extract more discriminant SPN features. To evaluate our methods, extensive experiments are conducted on the Dresden image database. The results indicate that the proposed framework can serve as an effective post-processing procedure, which not only boosts the performance, but also greatly reduces the computational cost in the matching phase.